Macdonald College magazine Vol. 5 No. 1: October - November 1914

Vol. v. INDEX 1914-15.

AGRONOMY:—

Macdonald College Short Course Meetings — R. Summerby, B.S.A 175

Progressive Farming in Sherbrooke County — G. C. Hay, Agr., '16. 18

Putting on the Emergency Power in Farming — H. H. Biggert. 21

Seed corn for Ensilage — L. C. Raymond, B.S.A. . .... 102

The Industrial Use of Potatoes — A. R. Jones, Agr., '17. . . 250

The Oat Crop and its Production in Quebec — E. G. Wood, Agr., '17 252

Types of Barley and their Adaptability for Quebec — C. H. Hodge, B.S.A 172

Alumni... 72, 153, 223, 327

Athletics. ....... 76,156,226,329

College Life 60, 139, 209, 310

Faculty Items— Dr. J. F. Snell 55, 136, 206, 304

GENERAL:—

Agriculture in Argenteuil County — L. C. McOuat, Agr.,' 15. 87

Are Our Winters Getting Warmer — G. F. Collingwood, Agr., '16 . . 168

A Trip to the Pacific Coast— T. G. Rankin, Agr., '17 92

Editorials . .15, 99, 169, 246

Farm Losses and their Prevention — F. C. Nunnick, B.S.A 87

Food Products at the Panama Pacific Exhibition . .... 3

Huntingdon County — G. C. Boyce, Agr., '15... 243

If War broke out— M. C. Signoret, Agr., '17 . . 5

Macdoaald's Roll of Honour— W. Sadler, Agr., '15 235

Our Maple Industry and its Prospects — Dr. J. F. Snell. . . ....... . . 166

Sherbrooke Fair — Quondam . . 10

Stonehenge — G. Fenoulhet, Agr., '16. . . . 240

Symbiotic Relations — J. H. McCormick, Agr., '15 . . . 7

The Arizona Desert— S. B. Sinclair, Ph.D . • . . 1

The County of Pontiac— E. L. Hodgins, Agr., '15 . . ..... 163

HORTICULTURE:—

A Summer in the Garden of Ontario — A. E. Hyndman, Agr., '16. 264

Shipping of Fruit in the Niagara District— H. J. M. Fiske, B.S.A., '14 181

The Honey Bee and its Management — C. B. Gooderham, Agr., '16 113

The Horticulture Department — Prof. T. G. Bunting 27

When I go Fruit Farming— F. M. Clement, B.S.A 262

HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE:—

A Hospital Diet Kitchen— Miss Murray 299

Homemakers' Clubs — Miss F. Campbell < = 200

Our Initiation — A. C. R 52

Short Course Organize . ... . 54

The charge of the Knitting Brigade— Miss M. B. Travers, T., '15 . 204

The History of the Manufacture of Clothing— Miss A. E. Hill 133

The Influence of Household Science upon Society — Miss A. E. Wathen, Sc., '15. . . . 302

The Winter Short Course . 205

IN LIGHTER VEIN 82, 160, 231, 337

I N D EX— Continued

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY:—

A few Hints on Sanitation — G. C. Boyce, Agr., '15 25

Animal Husbandry Club— G. H. Biggar, Agr., '16 180

A Step in the Right Direction— C. Lyster, Agr., '16 ^ •

Canada's Market Situation and its Outlook— G. C. Hay, Agr., '16 255

Horse Breeding on the Farm — J. H. King, Agr., '15. . . .

Government Control for Butter — J. Vanderleck, Ch.E. ... ........ - ■ ■

The Army Horse and his Requirements— J. H. Ross, Agr., '15 ..... . 260

The Milk Supply for the Cheese Factory— S. R. N. Hodgins, Agr., '17 2 57

MACDONALD COLLEGE EXTENSION WORK IN RURAL SCHOOLS:—

A Scottish Experiment in Rural Education — Prof . Sinclair Laird . I 22

A Summer School of Nature Study— Dr. D. W. Hamilton, B.S.A 2 70

Columbia University Summer Session — Prof. A. W. Kneeland I 25

Editorial — Prof. Sinclair Laird. . ... 35, 120

Fiftieth Celebration of Teachers' Convention— Miss L. B. Robins, B.A. 38

Games— Miss E. A. Roberts 124

Modern Child Literature — J. L. Dashwood, B.A 2 ?3

Music in the Curriculum— G. A. Stanton, L.R.A.M 41

Pictures in Rural Schools — Miss W. Thompson. ... • • 275

Plant Pathology as a Profession — F. L. Drayton, B.S.A. ..... . . 276

Reform of Rural Education in Quebec — Prof. Sinclair Laird. . ... 268

The Making Change Method in Subtraction— Miss L. B. Robins, B.A 190

The Municipal Convention — Miss L. B. Robins, B.A . 196

The Noon Hour at School — Mrs. Rutter 193

The Quadrennial Revision of Text-book — Miss L. B. Robins, B.A 195

The Winter Life of Common Annimals — Dr. D. W. Hamilton, B.S.A. ... ... 187

What to do with an Inattentive Class — Miss D. Richmond. . 127

MISCELLANEOUS:—

Class Presidents in Agriculture .

In Memoriam. .....

Macdonald College Agricultural Alumni Association Notes ...
Macdonald College on a War Footing — J. H. McCormick, Agr., '15

Our Macdonald Heroes. ..... .

The School of Agriculture .

138
.222, 306
.208, 307

217
58

279

POULTRY:—

A Troublesome Disease — C. F. Peterson, Agr., '16. . . 30

Co-operative Marketing and Handling of Eggs — J. C. Moynan, Agr., '16 117

Points of Importance, towards the Production of Strong Chicks — C. E. Boulden, Agr.,

'16 ... 184

Poultry Notes . . . . 186

Preparing the Flock for Winter — C. E. Boulden, Agr., '16 33

Success in Turkeys — A. G. Taylor, Agr., '15 ..... 266

TEACHERS:—

A Thursday Experience — Miss V. Grimes, T., '15. ... 131

Instincts and Education — Miss J. V. Prather, T., '15 128

Life, Literature and Laughter — J. Brunt, T., '15 jqq

Mastery for Service — Miss R. Echenberg, T., '15 . 45

Springtime on the Prairies — C. M. Ewart, T., '15 ... . 294

Teachers' Initiation. First Version — Miss Emma Stewart, T., '15

Teachers' Initiation. Second Version — E. M. B., T., '15

The Agricultural Model Teachers' Course — J. H, McOuat, Agr., '16 44

The Spirit of the South — Miss Rosa F. L. Shaw, T., '15. ..... . I97

True to the Flag— Miss A. M. McKenny, T., '15 192

UNDER THE DESK LAMP . ... , . „ 68> 14g> 219 32

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The A rizona Desert.

By S. B. Sinclair, late Head of the School for Teachers.

E spent six days and nights
in the Arizona Desert. The
first ocean voyage is, to
| most land people, a thrilling
and overpowering experi-
ence but a desert voyage is even more
so. One sees desert, feels desert, eats
desert and sleeps desert, until one feels
like a composite of sand, sage bush,
mirage, petrified forest, grand canyon,
gold mine, Spanish relic, Pueblo Indian
and cowboy all rolled into one.

ing. They usually travel in pairs, live
out of doors and do their own cooking.
Their employers wish them to remain
on the ranch and so, when pay-day
comes, advise them to go to the city,
get drunk, spend their money as quickly
as possible and return to work when the
money gives out — advice which the cow-
boy promptly follows.

A cowboy has little fear of an encoun-
ter with a bull. The bull, when charging,
shuts his eyes and springs. The cowboy,

A Desert Post Office.

To look over the far-stretching prairie
of drifting sand, dotted here and there
with a clump of greyish grass and an
occasional group of scrub trees, one
would scarcely think it possible that
any animal life could be found there,
and yet on this very desert (so-called)
are reared some of the best beef cattle
of the United States.

The cowboy's life is full of freedom
with sufficient thrills to make it interest-

at the psychological moment, when the
bull is entirely off the ground, grasps
the far horn with one hand, passes the
other hand over the head and seizes the
nose, and before the brute realizes what
has happened has him "hors de combat."
A close encounter with a cow is a
different proposition for she does not
shut her eyes for the final spring,
and the cowboy has learned, in such
cases of emergency, to trust to the

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

fleetness of his horse or to climb the
nearest tree.

The railways are not fenced and many
cattle are killed by trains. The author-
ities say it is useless to fence against
prairie cattle, for in dry weather when
they start for water nothing can stop
their progress. The cowboys say cattle
can scent water for twenty miles and
are never deceived by the mirage which
is so natural that the oldest settler often
thinks he sees water a mile away only
to find himself mistaken as it steadily
recedes on his approch.

Our cowboy guide told us an interest-
ing story of a wild man (of whom there
are quite a number in the desert) who
was waiting for them in their tent when
they came home, one evening. These
men are usually fugitives from justice
who live a solitary rambling life. They
carry no firearms and kill their quarry
with stones which they hurl with great
skill. The cowboys' uninvited guest,
when asked how he got anything to eat,
drew a dead rabbit from under his cloak
with the significant remark: "I had to
throw twice at this fellow."

On the way to the Grand Canyon we
were shown a post office, of which the
above picture is a snap-shot. The
brakesman of the mail train drops the
mail into the box (which has neither
lock nor key) in one heterogeneous pile
and takes out any letters which have
been left for mailing. The cowboys
come for many miles for their mail and
select their letters from hundreds of
others, each man being his own post-
master. I asked what would happen if
some one intentionally took a letter
belonging to some one else. The re-
sponse came quickly: "We wouldn't
make any mistake in finding out just
who did it, and he would be found lying

on his back on top of the ground some
morning and no questions would be
asked."

In this primitive form of self-govern-
ment, obviously no great effort is
made "to make the punishment fit the
crime."

At a waystation near a gold mine,
which is said to produce $150,000.00 of
gold per month, three boys from the
school boarded the train on the way to
their home, eighteen miles distant. They
proved to be highly entertaining com-
panions. They showed us samples of
their school, work in arithmetic, com-
position, writing and drawing and were
making fair progress, but it was evident
that the school had not gripped them
with any permanent power and that their
vital interests were outside the school.

Their eyes brightened and the car
rang with laughter as they told us of
their experiences with the wild things
of the desert, especially with the wild
burros which their fathers had caught
and vainly tried to break to saddle and
harness. They knew the birds and other
desert animals as close acquaintances
and were keen to know about the birds
of Canada. The most interesting of all
problems, however, was this, did the gold
prospector really know and did he tell
the truth when he said: "if the thing
looks like gold and you spit on it and it
doesn't change color the least bit it is
gold certain sure."

Thus, with these children of the desert,
as with all others, we find that to interest
them in the school we must begin with
the solution of the problems growing out
of their own life experiences — a task
which can be performed only by those
teachers who have lived the life long
enough to know something of its mys-
teries and charms.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

3

Food Products at the Panama-Pacific
International Exposition.

HEN a country so far away
from San Francisco as Ar-
gentine appropriates Sl,-
300,000 in gold to expend
on an exhibit of her pro-
ducts at the great exposition by the
Golden Gate, there must be some sub-
stantial reasons for such action. And
there are. Among the reasons are these:
The Panama-Pacific International Ex-
position which will open its gates Feb-
ruary 20, 1915, will be the most complete,
the largest, most beautiful, most varied
and costly of any world concourse ever
held. It is an exposition of contem-
porary things, of great practical im-
portance to every visitor. The exhibits
will illustrate processes and methods.
They will be a series of schools, factories,
laboratories, with people and machinery
at work rather than heaps of materials
and specimens.

The exposition palaces will all be
ready months before the opening day —
several of them already being finished —
and in one the exhibits now are being
installed. More states, territories and
foreign countries already have agreed
to participate than ever before took
part in a world exposition — 35 foreign
governments and 38 states already being
officially represented, besides many
which have yet to take action. The
keynote of this, the first world exposition
ever to be held at a seaport, is human
welfare; service — industrial, educational,
scientific, artistic and economic service.
Expressing this keynote will be vast
congresses and conventions, national and
international in character, dealing with
every phase of the living thought and
action of to-day. And these congresses

are backed by laboratory exhibits, 60,000
of them in eleven great palaces — making
this a veritable universal university for
every one, old or young, no matter in
what field his interests lie.

Of the 226 great world conventions
which already have voted to meet in San
Francisco during the exposition period,
a great many will interest people who
have to do with the various foodstuffs
of the world. Among these are: The
International Congress of Marketing and
Farm Credits; the American Society of
Animal Production; the American Breed-
ers' Association, dealing with plants and
animals; the Society of Horticultural
Science; the National Top Notch Farm-
ers' Club, with 9,000 corn-raising boy
delegates, from 33 states, each with a
record of over 100 bushels of our most
important cereal to the acre; the Inter-
national Congress of Thrift; the National
Canners' Association with 2,000 dele-
gates who will come through the canal
on a chartered steamer; the National
Potato Association and International
Potato Congress, with a potato-growing
contest; the American Home Economic
Association; the Association of Agri-
cultural Colleges and Experiment Sta-
tions; and numerous conventions on live
stock and horticulture.

The live stock exhibit will be held
throughout the ten months of the ex-
position, a quarter of a million dollars
being offered in prizes. With it will be
a great dairy and milk exhibit, with
model dairy barns and a creamery in
operation, turning out pure cheese and
butter, which will then go on exhibition
in the five-acre Palace of Food Products.
In connection with the international

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MACDOXALD COLLEGE M AGAZI X E

poultry show will be an egg-laving
contest. In the sheep department will
be held an international sheep shearing
contest, machine shearing methods being
pitted against hand work.

Over sixty acres will be devoted to the
live stock show alone. In addition to
displays made by breeders throughout
the United States, such stock growing
countries as Canada, Xew Zealand,
Brazil, Argentina, and South Africa
will make vast displays of cattle, sheep,
poultry and other animals — Argentina
alone promising an exhibit of food stuffs
which her commissioners declare will
amaze the world and outclass even the
United States.

In addition to the exhibits shown in
the live stock department, three great
buildings — the Palaces of Agriculture,
Food Products and Horticulture — each
covering five acres, will contain up-to-
date exhibits of the world's food pro-
ducts. In the crystal palace of horti-
culture will be the displays of fruits and
fruit products- — pomaceous and stone
fruits, citrous and tropical fruits, fresh,
dried, canned, pickled and processed.
A cannery in operation will be one of the
features, showing all the processes from
can making to preserving, sealing and
packing. The greatest exhibit of nuts

and nut products of all kinds, as foods,
also will be shown here.

In the two palaces of Agriculture and
Food Products, the nations of the world
and the various states — about 80 states
and countries in all— will compete with
exhibits of such necessities as refrigerated
meats, poultry, game and fish, milk,
butter, cheese, eggs, oils, cereals of
every sort, legumes, vegetables, tubers,
sugar, beverages, forage, rice, flour pro-
ducts of every description, wines, bev-
erages and confections. There will be
bakeries and pastry kitchens at work,
confectioneries' factories in operation,
and, in like manner, various processes
illustrated by means of working plants
throughout the long list of food-
stuffs.

In a fourth exhibit building, the Palace
of Education and Social Economy, there
will be about an acre of exhibits from
various cities, states and foreign coun-
tries and from large corporations and
philanthropic associations, devoted to
hygiene, nutrition, the preparation and
preservation of pure foods, health lab-
oratories and the like, most of them
accompanied by elaborate working mod-
els made of wax by a corps of expert
European artisans and scientists espe-
cially employed by the exposition.

View from Macdonald's Tower.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

5

If War Broke Out!

By Maurice C. Signoret, Agr. '17, Reserve Cadet in the French Army.

ET us understand: If the war
between France and Ger-
many broke suddenly out,
what would be its imme-
diate result? Should we be
the spectators at one of those big, modern ,
horrible and bloody wars, but in which
only two nations would struggle? Would
England and Russia join France to fight
Austria and Italy with Germany as-
sembled? Shculd we witness a general
conflagration between the two groupings
of the European powers, a conflagration
which would suspend at once the whole
world market, the traffic, the trade, and
life itself? This is the question which is
ever present and which will be only
answered in the near day when this
fatal and necessary war must break
out !

Germany, which is, after Russia, the
largest empire of Europe, is an extremely
populous land. Its population, actually
of 65 million inhabitants in a territory
half as large as the province of Quebec,
is growing at the rate of over one million
inhabitants a year. Not being in posses-
sion, like England, or France itself, of
colonies vast enough for the establish-
ment of their children, Germans dream
of conquests for enlarging their father-
land, and, for the moment, they pass
their limits and establish themselves
in the neighbourhood, which in this
instance is the French country, just
as the Japanese who, not having room
enough in their proper land, settle them-
selves in California.

This is why the Frenchmen rebel, for
they do not need a constantly increasing
German encroachment of population.

Besides, they cannot forget the defeat
they endured from the Germans in 1870,
a defeat which cost them the loss of two
of the finest French provinces — Alsace
and Lorraine- Therefore is the idea of
revenge deeply anchored in the French
mind.

From the English point of view, it is
wished that war would break out as
soon as possible, for the German navy
is increasing in such proportions that, in
a few years, it will take away from
England the naval supremacy, which is,
until the present time, the latter coun-
try's privilege and strength. The Ger-
man navy was, 20 years ago, confined to
the fourth place, after England, France
and Russia. It has now risen to the
second place, right behind England! And
when the war will break out, while
France's navy struggles with Italy's and
Austria's united fleets in the Mediter-
ranean, England's and Germany's navies
will attempt to destroy one another in
the North Sea.

In France and Germany is military
service an obligation for all without
exception. And during three entire
years, on each side of the frontier, these
young men receive a minutely military
instruction; they are trained and hard-
ened to fatigue, accustomed to the
handling of fire-arms, educated in the
spite of the neighbour; in one word they
are ready for the future collision, where
peoplewill see four millions of Frenchmen
united with eight millions of Russians
and three hundred thousand English-
men, placed opposite to six millions of
Germans assembled with five millions
of Italians and Austrians.

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The actual grand-master, who holds
in his hands the world's peace, is
Emperor William the Second. For more
than the 25 years that he has sat on Ger-
many's throne he has given evident
proofs of his desire for peace; but there
is this to fear, that, one day, exasperated
by the German military party, and
unhappily led by the Crown Prince, his
son, he will find himself obliged to let
the fire start up out of the continually
rising heap of these inflammable sub-
stances! And the nations will run the
one against the other!

What will occur in this dreadful

contact, in which more than 23 millions
of men will take part! What will be the
hideous butchery, outrage to humanity,
the horrible slaughter, to which this
fantastic mixtion will give way, seconded
as they will be by frightful engines of
artillery, engines of ruin which will
make hecatombs of corpses! A terrifying,
unimaginable, and, though fatal, un-
avoidable war, where nations will be
dashed by the shock, and in which the
revolution, everywhere prepared, will
sweep away emperors, kings, their serv-
itors, and the society responsible for
such catastrophes!

Editor's Note.— This article was written last spring by Mr. Signoret for our
Magazine. Little did we think when he wrote it how terribly true were his words. In
fact we did not publish it partly because we did not think it best to even hint at such a
dire event. He is a Frenchman, and this article has been left for the most part in
the original language in which he wrote it. To-day he is nobly fighting for our liberty
at the front. May Heaven bring him back to us safe and sound I

Training Teachers' Train taking them to their Troubles.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

7

Symbiotic Relations.

HEN the average person first
hears symbiotic relations
mentioned, he naturally
thinks of medical men and
undertakers, lawyers and
attorneys, for which we must thank our
popular comic papers. Symbiosis, how-
ever, really means the living together of

Fig. 1 — Pronuba yneeasella, female,
gathering pollen from anthers of
Yucca. Enlarged.

Cecropia plant is a true example of
symbiosis. The presence of Preudom-
onas radicicola in the root nodules of
certain legumes; of B. coli in the human
intestine; the intimate association of
certain Ascomycetes (more rarely Basi-
diomycetes) with filamentous algae
(Schizophyceae and Chlorophyceae) to

Fig. 2 — Pronuba yneeasella.. A,
maxillary tentacle and palpus; B, pro-
tensible ovipositor (this combines in
itself functions of a lance and a saw).

— After Riley.

two organisms for mutual benefit — in
some cases, as we shall see later, it
actually means the interdependence of
two organisms — and for true examples
of this we must turn to nature.

As was pointed out in a former
number of this magazine, the associa-
tion of the ant (Azteca spp.) with the

form the consortium of Lichens; of
lactic bacteria and Oidium lactis in milk
— for a time, at any rate : all of these
will readily occur to most of us as
examples of symbiosis. Our endeavour
in this issue, however, is the study of a
few examples which are not so common
to us in Canada.

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZI

Monotropa, for example, is a plant
found forming " birds' nests" (?) in
many woods. If one carefully removes
the organic matter and soil which collect
around the roots of this interesting
plant, however, hyphal threads of a
fungus will be found in intimate associa-
tion with the roots of the plant. Clearly,
the fungus is here supplementing the
root hairs of ordinary plants, and in
return is being nourished by Monotropa,
each one being equally important to the
other. This functioning of a fungus as

moved, the crab will most carefully
replace it on its back with its claws.
The crab ordinarily has a slow move-
ment and resembles a jagged marine
stone. With the anemone on its back,
however, the deception is almost com-
plete, and it requires more than a little
skill to detect its presence on the reefs.
The anemone, therefore, aids the crab
in protective resemblance. On the other
hand, as the anemone feeds on minute
animalculae in the water, the constant
change of location through being on the

Pronuba moth ovipositing in ovary of Yucca flower, before de-
positing pellet of pollen on stigma of flowers. About natural size.

—After Rilev.

root hair is found on many other plants ;
some of them being large forest trees.
Monotropa, however, affords one of the
best types of Mycorhiza, as this sym-
biotic relationship is technically termed.

In tropic waters there is a small
species of crab which is always found
with a beautiful, filamentous sea-ane-
mone ; locally called a sea-flower) growing
on its back. That the crab is well aware
of the sea-anemone's presence is proved
by the fact that if the anemone is re-

crab 's back provides it with a bountiful
supply of food. It is also protected, in
turn, from small fishes and crustaceans
by the crab. This is evidently a living
together for mutual benefit.

Everyone has heard of the dreaded
shark, yet few of us know that a small
fish— known as the " pilot "— accompa-
anies this monster and even takes
liberties with him with impunity. The
shark is one of our oldest fishes and
correspondingly dull-witted, so he has-

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

9

found it advantageous to use the keener
intelligence of this small fish, which
directs him to his food (the shark being
primarily a scavenger). In return for
this, the pilot's food supply is ensured,
because of his stronger ally, and he also
feeds on the lice which abound on the
skin of the shark. Although I have
never observed it myself, I believe it to
be authentic that the pilot is often
carried by the shark by affixing itself
to the shark by means of a sucker on its
own head. The symbiosis in this case,
however, is not nearly so complete as
the others cited, because every shark is
not accompanied by its pilot.

So far, we have not studied an example
of the actual interdependence of two
organisms. The Yucca lily, however,
will afford us the best illustration of this
relationship. The flowers of this plant,
which are large, white, and strongly
scented, especially at night, can only be
pollenated by one particular species of
moth — pronuba. Conversely, the Yucca
is the only plant on which the larvae of
this moth can feed. Special evolution,
in the strictest sense, has taken place in
this case and, as might be expected, both
insect and flower are specially modified.
The female moth has a long ovipositor
with which she can penetrate the tissues
of the ovary and possesses peculiar
maxillary tentacles which are prehensile
and spinous and confined only to this
genus. Soon after dark, she begins
collecting a load of pollen which she
shapes into a pellet with her maxillary
palpi and pushes towards the tentacles.
When the pellet is about three times the
size of her head, she flies to another
flower and, after laying a few eggs in the
ovary, she assiduously climbs the style
and presses the pellet of pollen firmly
down the funnel-shaped stigma. The

result is that the ovules are fertilised,
but they are so numerous that there are
plenty for the larvae to feed upon and
also reproduce the plant. It will be
noted that the Yucca could no more
dispense with Pronuba, than could the
moth dispense with the Yucca and so
this is interdependence in the strictest
sense.

There is a fish in the West Indies,
familiar to all fishermen, known as the
Horse-eye Cravally, and I have observed
that whenever these fish are hooked, a
" Sea-Cockroach (which is a small
crustacean that burrows in those parts of
sandy beaches which are washed by the
waves and are common around our
coasts) is invariably to be found, under
the tongue of the fish, quite alive. As
these little crustaceans are not always
found in the mouth of fish which have
been caught in a net, it may be inferred
that they play an important part in
enabling this fish to feed. This is very
probably an example of symbiosis, but
I have never been able to learn of an
explanation of the relationship between
these two organisms.

That organisms which cannot reason,
and are, in fact, among the lowest forms
of life, should attempt the solution of
problems in economy, naturally claim
the attention of all students of nature.
A clear and feasible explanation of their
symbiotic relations, however, is not
always apparent and often entails a
close and careful study of the habits and
life history of the organisms. It is this
striving to follow the infinite and in-
explicable, in most cases, changes in
nature that fascinate and appeal to the
finite brain of man.

J. H. McCormick,

Biology, '15.

10

M A CD ON A LD

COLLEGE

MA GAZI NE

The Sherbrooke Fair, 1914.

NCE again we met at Can-
ada's Great Eastern Ex-
hibition. The Toronton-
ians and other Ontario

people speak about the
Toronto fair as " Canada's Greatest
Exhibition," and they have, of course,
a perfect right to do so from their point
of view. We, in Quebec, are more
modest when we limit our distinction of
the Sherbrooke exhibitions with the
prefix " Eastern." But we must needs

event, and interesting tales might be
told about the men who have from time
to time taken part in it, about the worries
of the directors, the intrigues of the
exhibitors, the untired and often un-
appreciated work of the judges, about
the funny remarks, the well meant
advices, and the ill timed criticisms of
the visitors, and finally about the
generally successful attempts of the side
show managers to separate the public
from its money.

The Fakir's Stand.

yield to the bombastic phraseology of
our continent by enhancing the limita-
tion with a " great." Still it must be
admitted that there is a big difference,
as far as modesty is concerned, between
positive and superlative, between great
and greatest. However, the Editor
thinks the name is all right, so why
quibble over mere details. The child
must have a name.

Canada'a Greatest Eastern is not a
child either, being launched as far back
as 1X84. Much could be said about the
rarly history of this Townships Eastern

For such a purpose it would, however,
be necessary to pray with Virgil :
" Musa mihi causas memora." Bear-
ing in mind his other song, " IUe ego qui
quondam — des nunc arma virumque
cano," we will proceed instead to tell
you about our man, hoc est the Editor
of this Magazine. And we will try to
give you a comprehensive and, as far as
possible, a true account of his impres-
sions and experiences during his four
days stay at the Sherbrooke Fair, 1914.

Succ,ess in any earthly undertaking
depends, in a large measure, upon the

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

11

spirit in which one approaches it. In
order to fully understand how our
Editor Princeps was going to derive
such benefit from his Sherbrooke visit,
as he claimed he would, we first of all
interviewed him in regard to his ex-
hibition philosophy.

" Well," he said, " many people
attend a large exhibition to, as they put
it, have a good time. They seem to
forget that within close proximity to the
faker's stand one can find some of
Canada's best live stock, and that good
information about cereals, vegetables,
horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry and
other things can be had for a song.
Why, you only need to put a question to
an exhibitor, or to a judge after he has
finished his work, and you will generally
get to know a good deal more than you
asked for. They are all interested, one
way or another, and even if a con-
versation does not in every case bring
out a point of information it always
affords an opportunity to study human
nature. Mind you, I don't pretend to
be a saint. I like a bit of fun down the
midway all right, and I simply love to
study the fakers' skin games. But
unless you carry back with you some-
thing more valuable and lasting than a
poodle dog or a doll, you might just as
well stay at home and save your hard
earned money."

It would have been interesting to hear
him further expound his philosophy, but
as the Editor was anxious to see some of
" Canada's best live stock," we pro-
ceeded together to the show-rings and
the barns. As we had to busy ourselves
elsewhere, we did not have very much
time to spend in each part of the ex-
hibition.

Our visits to the different sections
would undoubtedly have been more
profitable if catalogues had been avail-
able. The lack of catalogues or guide

books, if you prefer that title, is keenly
felt by every man who really wants to
study the exhibitions. They would
give the visitor a better conception of
things to be looked for, and would con-
tribute, in a great degree, to a more
thorough knowledge of the different
features. Whenever we wanted to know
the name of an owner or something
about the pedigree and performance of
an animal, we had to ask for it, and
very often it so happened that there was
nobody to ask. I have often wondered
why catalogues can not be provided at
Canadian Fairs. The reason mostly
given is that many entries arrive so late
that it would be impossible to print the
list in time. But why accept late
entries at all ? It is decidedly bad
practice, as it encourages prize-rakers
to enter in classes where there is little
or no competition. However, " what is
past cure is past," said the Editor,
quoting Shakespeare — and he was one
of the wisest of men.

It was a great pleasure to see the
powerful and at the same time active
Clydesdale and Percheron horses, which
were considerably better represented
than the Belgians. We recognized the
Ness horse, "Sir Spencer," who captured
the championship award for imported
horses. Wm. Nussey, also from How-
ick, won the championship in the
Canadian bred class with his aged
stallion. We admired the driving horses
and roadsters, some of which could
perhaps have been better handled. We
also took great interest in watching the
judges. Theirs is not an easy task.
Many showmen are experts in getting
their horses to stand and move so as to
hide slight defects and infirmities, and
the judge has to be on the lookout all the
time. Whatever way he decides, there
is always somebody who thinks, and
sometimes even voice the opinion, that

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

the judge is not qualified for the job.
There may, however, be some satis-
faction for him to know — at least if he
is philosophically inclined — that, no
matter which direction his decisions may
go, he has made somebody happy and at
least convinced the winning owner and
his friends that he is the right man in the
right place.

The cattle were numerous and mostly
good. Professor Barton told us, among

cattle parade afforded a good oppor-
tunity to see and compare the different
breeds to advantage. In spite of his
watching, the Editor was only ante-
penultimus in dairy cattle. It was
perhaps daring of him to enter in the
judging competition, as his two years
school teaching had naturally made him
a little rusty along this line, but, as he
said afterwards, " faint heart never yet
won fair (dairy) maid," and he ap-

A GOOD STRING OF CLYDES.
The Ness Horse, Sir Spencer, at the Head.

other things, that the Jerseys and Hol-
steins were never shown to better ad-
vantage in Sherbrooke than this year.
We took special notice of the Short-
horns exhibited by the two well-known
breeders, Messrs. J. M. Parker, Lennox-
ville, and F. R. Cromwell, Cookshire.
Excellent Ayr shires were shown by D.
T. Ness, Howick ; James Bod en & Sons,
Danville, and others. (\ R. Ruiter &
Sons, Cowansville, were the leading
exhibitors in the Jersey class. The

parently found some consolation in the
well known fact that " aliquando bonus
dormitavit Homerus."

I had intended to see the sheep, the
pigs and the hens that day in the Editor's
company, but had to leave him for other
more important business. When we
met in the hotel rotunda after the day's
work, I made him reel off his film. How
were the pigs? At first he only an
swered : " Some good and some— not
so good." However, after he had en-

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

13

joyed his meal, for a while, he became
more communicative, and started off on
his own accord : — " It is simply wonder-
ful how some of these men have succeed-
ed in fitting their pigs. Do you know,
they must have actually thought pig,
talked pig, dreamt pig and fed pig for
365 days of the year in order to ac-
complish what they have done. You
should have seen McCulough Bros.'
Yorkshires, or \Y. Miller's Chester
Whites, or John Harvey's Berkshires.
They were simply great. The red ones
were not nearly so good, and I do not
like them except in a sporting way.
Mr. MacMillan was over in the sheep
barn, and he looked quite at home in his
light blue overalls. He showed me the
College demonstration flock of Cheviots,
and was also kind enough to demonstrate
Allan Bros.' Leicesters and A. W.
Oughtred's Hampshires. You should
go up there to-morrow before Mr.
MacMillan leaves. It is a great help to
have an expert show you instead of
trying to find out things for yourself,
especially when you have no catalogue
to follow."

" I was over in the Poultry Building,
and would have liked very much to have
had a talk with Mr. George Robertson,
but he was too busy judging. By the
way, is it not a good thing that practic-
ally all experts seem to have been pro-
vided with an almost inexhaustible
supply of patience ? Perhaps it is a
case of " gaudet tentamine virtus," but
one would think they might get tired
sometimes at having practically the same
question thrown at them over and over
again. Some of them must have dived
to the bottom of the fountain of
wisdom and have let the bubbling
waters teach them the meaning of
" gutta cavat lapidem, non vi sed saepe
cadendo."

After a little deviation, Mac's mind
returned to the poultry exhibit, and he
told me with an absolutely serious face
that some of the pullets in the school
exhibit, arranged by the Poultry Depart-
ment of Macdonald College, were better
than those in the exhibition proper.
You see, he had helped to arrange the
school exhibit and felt quite satisfied
with himself, and also with the chickens.
These numbered not less than 303 birds,
all of the Macdonald Plymouth stock, for
which eggs had been distributed last
spring to the pupils of the Lennoxville
Academy and to rural schools in the
vicinity of Sherbrooke. This school
exhibit also included a potato and seed
oat competition. The children had
really done their best to grow first-
class crops, and most of them had made
a wise selection of material for their
exhibits.

Before bidding each other good night,
we agreed to see a horse race next day,
and to visit the building containing the
educational exhibits.

The following afternoon we con-
sequently cried for " panem et cir-
censes," i.e., we bought some pop corn
and a couple of grand stand tickets.
While the trainers warmed up the
horses round the race course, the clowns
and the society dancers on the grand
stand did their best to amuse the
audience. Even the poorest of clowns
can always be sure of a moderately good
reception, but the public in general did
not seem to think much of the choreo-
graphic performances. " The man who
sings to beat the band," as the pro-
gramme said, had a very, very strong
voice — and that was about all.

In the meantime the horses were
ready to start, or at least, their owners
agreed to commence starting. Do not
for a moment imagine that they really

14

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

started. No, they had to start over and
over again, seven different times, and
the man with the megaphone and the
bell had the time of his life, shouting,
ringing, and presumably swearing. He
finally lost his temper, and with the
expression of a Cicero he summoned the
sulking sulky drivers to the tribune.
We expected to hear a " quosque tandem
Catilina " in grand style, but all he said
was, " Jim, if you don't pull up that
devil of a mare of yours, I will rule you
off the track." His speech apparently
had the desired effect, or else he must
have been as tired as many of the
spectators, for he sent them off with a
" go " at the eighth attempt. " Facile
erit inventis addere," but we had seen
enough horse racing for a day, and as our
pop corn supply was exhausted, we
decided to imitate the Shah of Persia,
who knew that some horse must be the
fastest and did not give a continental
which horse came first.

The educational exhibit was housed in
the Transportation Building, where fruit,
vegetables and field crops were also
displayed. Our Editor did not approve
of most of the grain samples and told me
that he would not have liked to be in Mr.
Summerby's clothes. " It must be very
difficult to judge oats of that kind." —
The fates apparently approved of this
modesty of Mac's, as they recompensed
him by letting him capture first prize in
the seed oat judging competition the
next day. — After having tasted some
maple sugar and looked on the forbidden
fruit, we sauntered over to the Mac-
donald corner. The various depart-
ments had done their best to make the
display as interesting and instructive as
possible. Visiting farmers also showed
their appreciation in more than one way,
not least by asking information of

different points from the attending
members of the staff.

We followed their example, and stop-
ped first at Mr. Jull's egg factory,
studied the charts showing best rations
for satisfying the epicurean taste of the
hen's palate, took a great deal of interest
in the different house and trap nest
models, and examined the modern feed-
ing batteries in which were to be seen
good and poor types of birds for fatten-
ing purposes. " Some of those poor
ones look peeved," quoth Mac. " Yes,"
answered Mr. Jull, " they were really
better fitted for the racing track than
for fattening, with their long legs and
razor sharp breasts."

From the Poultry our Editor first
turned his searching eyes to the lovely
flowers, luscious fruit, and bursting
melons of the Horticultural Depart-
ment ; he then went over to the Biology
Department, where Professor Fraser
held forth on bugs, weeds and plant
diseases ; had a crack at Mr. Starrek's
drainage tiles, and finally landed at the
Cereal Husbandry display. Mr. Boving,
who had charge of this part, talked roots,
of course, but was not at all unwilling to
discuss alfalfa, grain and corn. " Man,
but this is great . . . good old
College," said Mac, thanked every one
very politely, and started off on his own
business. Do you imagine that he took
up " All hail Macdonald ? " Not he.
As the scholar he is he went away, sing-
ing at the top of his voice :

Vivat academia
Vivant professores
Vivat membrum quodlibet,
Vivant membra quaelibet,
Semper sint in flore.

Quondam.

THE

MACDONALD COLLEGE

MAGAZINE

Mastery for Service."

Published by the Students.

No. 1

OCTOBER-NOVEMBER

VOL. V.

Editorial : —

Editor-in-Chief— J. E. McOuat, Agr., 15.

Assistant Editors : —

W. Sadler, Agr., '15.
Miss M. Travers, Teachers, '15.
Miss Joan Hodge, Science, 15.

Faculty— Dr. J. F. Snell.
Business : —

Business Manager — A. G. Taylor, 'Agr., '15.

Ass't. Business Managers — G. Hay, Agr., '16;
Miss Binning, Miss M. Cromwell.

Advertising Manager — H. Mitchell, Agr., '15.
Department Editors : —

Athletics — Bailey, Agr., T7; Miss G. Cornell.

Agronomy — H. Evans, Agr., '15.

MAGAZINE STAFF.

Alumni— J. H. McCormick, Agr., '15; Miss
M. Craven, Miss F. Robinson.

Artists— Mr. J. Spendlove, Mr. Russell; Miss

D. Shrimpton, Miss L. Kilburn.

Horticulture — Mr. A. E. Hyndman, Agr., '16.

Humorists— F. Presley, Agr., '15; Miss M.
Harris, Miss M. Thompson.

Live Stock and Dairying — L. Westbrooke,
Agr., '15.

Locals— C. Fraser, Agr., '16; Miss M. Black,
Miss D. Cruickshank.

Poultry — J. Moynan, Agr., '16.
Proof Readers— J. H. McOuat, Agr., 16;

E. J. B. Reid, Agr., '17.

EDITORIAL.

THE WAR.

The great statesman, the great diplo-
matist, the great strategist, the great
organiser, the great Bismarck of im-
mortal fame has said, " Germany will
strike when Germany's hour has struck."

Germany's Hour Has Struck.

As this number of our Magazine goes
to press, civilization is on its trial, and
our universities, as the centres of
culture, the seats of learning, the
fountains of all that goes to make an
enlightened public opinion are being
looked to as never before in the history
of all time.

That the Universities throughout the
British Empire are shouldering their
responsibility, both moral and military,
is proven to the hilt.

The halls of Oxford and of Cambridge
are resounding as never before with the
clanking of the sword and the jingling of
the spur. The other Universities of the
old land are likewise in the van ; and
when we come to our own Dominion we
find the spirit of loyalty is the very
breath of life itself.

Queens, Toronto, and our Alma Mater,
" Old McGill," are alive and throbbing
with Imperial Unity.

It is, however, of our own particular
college — " We are a chip of old McGill,
we call ourselves Macdonald " — of which
we wish to write.

Mention is made elsewhere of our
boys, past and present, who have joined
the forces of the King, and obeyed the
clarion call.

16

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

And what are the rest of us doing ?
At a meeting of the men students, held
some little time ago, Principal Harrison
briefly laid bare the position of affairs in
Europe. He made it perfectly clear that
he was not asking men to volunteer for
active service. That, he said, was a
matter which could be decided only by
the dictates of one's own conscience.
What he wished to point out to us was
the insecure position of our own im-
mediate part of the Empire, and our
inability to defend ourselves and our
homes if the necessity should ever arise.
Dr. Harrison asked us to consider the
desirability of forming as a precaution-
ary measure an " Officers Training
Corps."

Having assured us that should we
decide upon forming such a corps, he
would be ready to do his utmost in the
furtherance of the scheme, he left the
matter with us.

A few days later a meeting was called
by Ricker, the President of the Students'
Council, and we are proud of the fact
that, almost to a man, the men of the
student body of Macdonald College,
decided in favour of forming a branch of
the Officers Training Corps. The fact
that many of the Faculty and Staff have
become members of the same corps is
doubly gratifying.

We feel that our national duty de-
mands it of us, that our physical health
will benefit thereby, and that we will be
fitter and better citizens of our Domin-
ion and of the Empire of which we are
proud to form a part.

In the words of Mr. Asquith, " let us
go, each one of us to his or her ap-
propriate part in the great common
task let us recall the

memories of the great men and the great
deeds of the past " . . . . " no t
forgetting the dying message of the
younger Pitt — ' England has saved her-
self by her exertions and will, I trust,
save Europe by her example.' "

In one of his most recent speeches —
one of the greatest he has ever delivered
— Mr. David Lloyd George concluded,
" We have been living in a sheltered
valley for generations. We have been
too comfortable, too indulgent, many
perhaps too selfish. And the stern hand
of fate has scourged us to an elevation
where we can see the great everlasting
things that matter for a nation, the great
peaks of honour we had forgotten, duty
and patriotism clad in glittering white,
the great pinnacle of sacrifice pointing
like a rugged finger to Heaven.

We shall descend into the valleys
again, but as long as the men and women
of this generation last, they will carry
in their hearts the image of these great
mountain peaks whose fingers are un-
shaken, though Europe rock and sway
in the convulsions of a great war."

m im [n

LORD ROSEBERY ON THE " CORPORATE
LIFE OF UNIVERSITIES."

As Chacellor of the University of
London, Lord Rosebery recently made
some interesting remarks on the cam-
radeship of common life in the Univer-
sities.

The occasion was the laying of the
foundation stone of Queen Mary's Hostel
(Residence) at Campden Hill.

" In these modern days," he said,
" Universities without Colleges (for re-
sidence) are far more common than those
which are happily endowed with them.
In Scotland I have been connected with
several Universities few of which — I
think perhaps only St. Andrews — have
any such hostel as that which we are
founding here ; and though I have an
immeasurable respect for these Univer-
sities, I cannot help feeling in the bottom
of my heart that the College training,
the College comradeship, superadded to
the University training, is the really
perfect kind of University teaching.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

17

Without the comradeship of a common
life, I cannot believe that any student,
however fortunate he may be in the
University, has received the highest and
truest seal of University life."

To us, as undergraduates of McGill
University, it is more than gratifying to
find an authority of Lord Roseberry's
eminence, responsible for so notable an
utterance on a University problem.

We know, we realise, and we are
grateful for the privileges which pertain
to residence in the halls of Macdonald
College.

We make bold to say that were it not
for our residential halls, our whole
student life would be cast in another and
less happy mould. We who have been
partakers in the comradeship of which
Lord Rosebery speaks can say from the
very depths of our hearts that we have
tasted of the fruits of this comradeship
and we offer to him our belated, but none
the less sincere, thanks for this trenchant
endorsement of the munificent and far-
seeing policy of our founder — Sir William
Macdonald.

(i m m

When this issue of the Magazine
appears before our readers, Macdonald
College will have entered well into the
new College year, a year which we one
and all hope will be attended with all
that which goes to make college life for
the student a real success.

It is always well to be hopeful, and the
best time to be in such a frame of mind
is when one has the future to look to, to
plan for, and believe in. We still have
our College year before us, unspoiled and
unused. It is up to us, as students, to
get the best out of the time which it is
our good fortune to be able to spend
here. We are, indeed, a privileged few,
those of us who come or are sent here,
to enjoy the benefits of such a magnifi-
cent institution as this is, an institution
furnished and equipped in a manner

probably not equalled upon the con-
tinent.

We have now established our College
activities, and the machinery which
gives rhythm, harmony and enjoyment
to our College life has been set in motion.
Probably the officers of these different
activities were never chosen with more
deliberation and care, and as a result
they are in charge of persons of good tact
and executive ability. These organiza-
tions, however, will never succeed unless
we, as persons interested in our own
welfare and that of the College, see to it
that we do our part in helping to make
the work of these bodies a success. If
we are lacking in finish along literary
lines that is a reason why we should
struggle to do our best to become a
person who thinks and speaks on his feet,
not an excuse for a non-participation in
the work of the Society. The object of
all our Literary Societies is to train the
untrained, to develop the latent powers
of imagination, quick thought, and
logical reasoning, all of which are needed
by us all.

In addition to this, our Magazine is a
medium by which students are enabled
to improve themselves in many ways by
contributing short articles of interest to
tis pages. True, these articles may not
be perfect, but the training which they
afford is too important to be missed.
We are too apt to think it is an un-
pleasant task to be asked to write an
article, whereas if we look at it in its
true light we should treat it as a com-
pliment.

Let us all then do our best to forward
the work of these organizations. He
who gives most receives most, and if we
wish at the end of our College year to
have a pleasant retrospective and to feel
that we have gained in ability of all
kinds, we must see to it that we start
now to create that feeling, which only
comes from the accomplishment of duty.

18

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Progressive Agriculture in Sherbrooke

County.

ONSIDERABLE has been
said and written regarding
agricultural conditions in
some of our more important
counties, However, a little
time spent in considering conditions in
what is perhaps one of the most pro-
gressive agricultural districts in the
province ought to be quite refreshing
to us.

That the farmers of Lennoxville dis-
trict are prosperous cannot be doubted.
The writer has been well convinced from
the farms visited that from an agri-
cultural point of view this district is
prosperous. The soils are strong and
productive, with water in abundance
and of the best quality. Such lands
afford fine pasture, and consequently we
find large well kept flocks and herds.
The houses and barns are comfortable,
home-like, and convenient. The excel-
lent pasture-lands afford great op-
portunities for stock raising, and almost
every farmer goes in for beef-raising and
dairying combined, having as his ideal

cow the dairy shorthorn. Milk and cream
are shipped to Montreal, besides supply-
ing the city of Sherbrooke, through "The
Pure Milk Company" and other local
dealers. In all, the general impression
which is presented to one is that of
prosperity.

Even though the farmers are prosper-
ous they do not hesitate to make use of
the opportunities they have for en-
lightening themselves on up-to-date
agriculture. They have one of the best
agricultural societies and one of the best
farmers' clubs that could be wished for.
Both are largely subscribed to, and an
active interest is taken in each by a very
large per cent, of the farmers. The new
experimental farm which was started
this last Spring by the Dominion
Government, and which is under the
superintendence of Mr. John McClary,
has made many changes, and great are
the results expected and looked forward
to by the surrounding neighbourhood.
No doubt this will prove a great boon
to the Lennoxville farmers.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

19

Besides, the County of Sherbrooke has
had at its disposal for the last few years
a Macdonald College graduate, under
whose supervision smaller experiments
of many different kinds have been
worked out with fertilizers, production
of root seed, alfalfa, etc. Clover seed
production is another movement which
has started up of late. A clover huller
is now owned in the county, and many
have cut their clover fields early this
season with the idea of harvesting a
crop of seed later on. The farmers are

their land free of charge after construc-
tion. Already the experimental farm
has underdrained a considerable area,
and no doubt when the people see that
these lands, which before could produce
at best but a poor crop, are made to
give splendid returns, there will be fewer
with the excuse that the high cost of
underdrainage is their reason for not
performing the operation. This is one
of the things the farmers in this district
should be more enthusiastic in than they
are, because considerable areas, some

beginning to realize how easily they
may introduce and spread new weeds
on their farms, and, owing to the high
price of clover seed and the higher per
cent, of germination of home-grown
seed, the value of this crop is beginning
to be appreciated more and more.

Underdrainage is the cry of all lead-
ing agriculturists of to-day, and some
of the farmers of this district have been
quick to appreciate the generous offer
of the Provincial Government to have
an expert make a drainage survey of

small and others large, are sour, and
would profit greatly by underdrainage.

Another important branch in agri-
culture that the farmers of this district
are realizing the importance of is the
sheep industry. It is a known fact that
there are no better grazing areas than
the hillsides of the Eastern Townships,
and particularly is this true of this
district. It is also known that sheep
are one of the best weed destroyers we
have. I am told that, but a few years
ago, every farmer in this district had

20

MACDONALD COLLEGE

MAGAZINE

his flock of sheep, which paid him well,
even though he had to sell his lambs at
from $2 to S3 each. Now-a-days the
price is more than double, and it is a
poor lamb that will not bring S S6. With
this in view, and in view of the fact that
weeds are becoming more troublesome
each year since the sheep have been
discarded, an effort has been made to
revive the industry, which should never
have been allowed to decline. Dog laws
are being enacted for the protection of
the sheep and associations formed for
the better marketing of wool. A de-

monstration flock of Cheviot sheep has
been placed on the farm of Mr. W. J.
Parnell, with the intention of intro-
ducing a breed of sheep suited to the
conditions of this district. From present
indications the sheep industry is likely
to be soon on a par with the other
branches of agriculture.

In summing up one cannot help but
conclude that the Lennoxville farmers
are in the fore ranks of progressive
agriculture, and great things may be
expected in the near future.

G. C. Hay, '16.

INSIDE THE MODEL DAIRY BARN.
Note Light, Air Inlets and Out-take, and Cement Construction.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

21

Putting on the Emergency Power

in Farming.

Making Canada the Granary of the Empire.

By H. H. Bigger t, Hamilton, Ont., Superintendent of the International Harvester

Company of Canada, Limited.

HE history of all great wars
has shown that the man
at home behind the plow
fought shoulder to shoulder
with the man at the front
behind the gun. In times past, with-
out the first the latter would have
starved, and without the second the
former would have been destroyed.

Such a crisis has not yet come in the
present conflict, but the silent appeal
of the Mother Country to all her colonies
has been heard around the world — an
appeal for supplies, for bread, for hay,
for horses, and for moral support.

Already across the border the Ameri-
can farmer is fortifying himself to meet
the increased demand which will be made
upon him for his produce. He is in-
creasing his acreage and everywhere is
re-echoing the appeal to him to improve
his methods in order that his acreage
yield may be increased. The impulse
which is swaying him to answer the
emergency call should meet with double
response from the tillers of the soil
in this country, where not only the dic-
tates of business urge them on, but
where there is the added incentive of
higher consideration of patriotism. As
a man doubles his strength when tightly

pressed, or an engine exceeds its rated
capacity when forged ahead, so should
the Canadian farmers multiply their
energy and strive to excel their past good
records as producers of the world's
bread.

The recent appeal of the Honorable
Martin Burrell, Minister of Agricul-
ture, showed definitely the business
advantage of beginning at once to pre-
pare for a greater acreage of wheat.
"The only way to get more wheat,"
said he, "is to properly and most care-
fully handle the stubble land." Let it
be the determination of every farmer
to make his wheat acres in 1915 yield
as never before. It is certain that an
increase of many millions of bushels can
be insured if every farmer on the prairies
will carefully consider the following
suggestions and put them into practice
immediately:

Summer Fallow.

"The summer fallow — Get the sum-
mer fallow into good shape; let it be
ready for the seeder the moment the snow
goes, and put it into such shape as
to be free from weeds, ready to absorb
moisture, and as safe as possible from
evaporation.

MA CD O N A LD

COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Stubble Land.

"Stubble land — Every acre of stubble
land in good enough shape to be fairly
safe for wheat should be plowed right
now; plow not less than seven inches
deep, and deeper if the character of the
soil and moisture content will permit;
deep soils should be plowed deeply,
shallow or light soils with a more shal-
low furrow; do the plowing well; every
acre should be harrowed within two days
after plowing and pack the land if pos-
sible after harrowing.

Spring Work.

"Spring work — Early seeding is the
next consideration; make every pre-
paration now and this coming winter,
to lose no time when the spring opens;
be sure the seed saved is clean, and of
high germinating quality; get the best
variety possible; do the work well at
seeding time, cultivating or disking be-
fore seeding always means bigger and
better crops, and in districts where the
crops were a failure this year, the
methods outlined above are particularly
necessary."

We would emphasize especially the
necessity of frequent disking, and the
almost essential use of the land packer
as a safeguard against drought. Many
thousands of farmers, for the first time,
last year staked their crops on the land
packer, and owing to the unseasonable
dryness which prevailed this season, it
is estimated by many authorities that
the use of this machine, wherever used,
made a difference of 6 to 12 bushels per
acre. At the price at which they are
disposing of their wheat this year, the
packer has proved an investment worth
several hundred per cent, to them the
first year of its use.

Preparing the Seed Bed.

In those parts of the country which do
fall plowing and fall seeding, the way the
seed bed is made and the way the sowing
is done this fall will determine the crop
per acre next year more than next year's
rainfall, hot winds or frosts. In an
experiment not long ago described by
F. L. Peterson, of the University Farm,
at Davis, California, he says:

"As the pressure for supplies becomes
greater, it becomes more evident that the
world cannot afford large farms skimmed
over with careless culture. In an actual
experiment a gain of 200 per cent, which
was made in the productiveness of a
certain area, 100 per cent was found to
be due to better plowing and harrowing,
50 per cent to better cultivation, and the
rest to better seed."

A lesson or two like that in every cum-
munity would soon work its way into
farm operation in such a way that
several costly practices sanctioned by
time and custom would become in a short
time as historical as cradling wheat and
threshing it with a flail are now. The
great economic law which makes a man's
land profitable is not so much the price he
gets for his produce as it is the difference
between this price and the amount spent
in producing this produce. The above
experiment was apropos of the tractor —
a mechanical way of plowing and of
disking — a mechanical way of massaging
the land, so to speak, and of drilling —
a mechanical way of sowing the seed.
In the cost of raising a crop, just the same
as in the cost of making carpets, shoes
or wagons, hand power and animal
power cannot compete with mechancial
power. The mechanically prepared seed-
bed not only costs less in its preparation,
but it gives forth more in its harvest.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

23

The War Will Make Horses Too
Costly to Keep.

Oats and oil are in the throes of a
little war of their own just the same as
the human back once combatted with
the reaper knife. This strife is fast
becoming more acute because the price
of horses is being accentuated every day
by the number being sold out of the coun-
try for cavalry mounts to be used abroad.
The drain upon the Canadian horse sup-
ply will soon be such that wherever pos-
sible mechanical contrivances will be
used to do their work. Were we to
begin at once, it will require five years
to replenish the drain which the war has
already made upon the horse supply of
the world. The United States Govern-
ment Department of Agriculture has
estimated that it costs $75.00 to $80.00
per year to keep a horse^ and in the study
of horse utility for a period covering six
years, it was found that he averaged only
3.14 hours of work per day as his contri-
bution to lessening the high cost of living.
In contrast with this it was found that
he ate up the entire yield of one out of
every five acres which he helped to cul-
tivate. It has been shown, too, for
every hour he worked it cost about 16
cents; whereas, a full horse-power hour
can be delivered by a high-grade oil
engine for only two cents per hour, in
both cases interest, fuel, food and depre-
ciation being included. Again, in plow-
ing, a team of two horses can plow only
about two acres per day. In doing this,
they travel sixteen miles, which is a
good day's pull for horses with a load.
An oil tractor, on the other hand, will
plow deeper and keep it up twenty-four
hours each day until the w«rk is com-
pleted without feeding, resting, or grow-
ing thin. While it would not be wise to
dispose of brood mares and blooded stock
to satisfy the demands of the war, in the

end perhaps the increased prices which the
present horse purchases will undoubtedly
bring about will be beneficial in forcing
thousands of farmers to adopt a newer
and more economical form of power.
Everyone who cultivates 160 acres or
more is a candidate for a share in the
millions of dollars which the country-
wide adoption of this method of plowing
will ultimately save.

Insuring the Crop in Advance.

After plowing, the first duty of a man
is to guarantee the work by proper cul-
tivation and disking and packing. The
disk harrow and packer are two of the
leading nature aiders in farming. It is
said that, rightly used, the disk does more
to increase crop profits than any other
farm implement and should be used on
every farm. It is one of the simplest
implements made; one of the easiest to
obtain; simple to run; will stand much
hard work; and lasts a long time. It is
so inexpensive that if used on a fair sized
field it will so increase the production
that it soon pays for itself.

Seeding Helps Make the Crops
Secure.

After the seed-bed is in a condition
satisfactory for the proper development
of the seed, the next important step is
to be sure that the seed is sown just right.
It is only within recent years that de-
finite, decisive tests have been made
between sowing with a drill and sowing
broadcast, but so one-sided have been
the various tests in regard to these two
methods that broadcasting is fast being
numbered among the many old methods
which farmers are now discarding.
Broadcasting requires more seed, and
yet it produces a smaller crop of lower
grade grain. The reason for this is

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

that the seed thus sown is not distribu-
ted evenly over the ground. It does
not all start from an even depth, nor
does it begin germinating uniformly.
By the use of an ordinary drill, even
without the more modern attachments,
the seed is deposited in fine, slightly
compact, moist soil, all of it at a uni-
form depth. It is thus carefully covered
by the cover chains or press wheels,
it all has an even chance of germinating,
and all the grain will tend to ripen at the
same time. It requires, furthermore,
much less seed to get a good stand with
a drill than by broadcasting.

Proper disking and packing and proper
sowing are the best ways to help nature

give a good crop. There is very little
more expense in doing it right than in
doing it wrong, and the returns are much
greater.

Our work begins this fall in our plow-
ing and seeding, and our opportunity
to help will come next year at our har-
vesting and selling. We have more at
stake than our profits. Towering over
everything and stifling our selfish hope
of gain or our commercial instincts
is our ability and our willingness to meet
the call upon us which we know will
result from the waste and devastation of
the present unfortunate conflict into
which the Mother Country has been
drawn.

Trifles.

Only a spar from a broken ship,
Washed by a careless wave;

But it brought back the smile of a
vanquished lip,
And his past peered out of the grave.

Only a leaf that an idle breeze
Tossed at her passing feet,
But she seemed to stand under the dear

old trees,
And life again was sweet.

Only the bar of a tender strain
They sang in days gone by ;
But the old love woke in her heart
again,

The love they had sworn should die.

Who vaunts the might of a human will,
When a perfume or a sound

Can wake a past that we bade lie still,
And open a long-closed wound ?

• — Ella Wheeler Wilcox.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

25

A Few Hints on Sanitation.

\NITATIOX has become a
living reality in this ad-
vanced era of Agriculture,
and the farmer or stock-
owner is almost compelled
to adhere to the general principles of
cleanliness.

The farmer may raise the cry that it
is altogether too advanced and costly for
him to attempt such an undertaking,
but all that he needs is a few hints from
men that are experts along such lines to
convince him otherwise. The average
farmer will find that although he is not
in the sanitary milk trade, a good barn,
properly constructed, will be of great
advantage to him, both in saving of
labor and production of milk, for with-
out a good modern equipment he cannot
run a prosperous and lasting business.

Let us take the new dairy barn on the
Experimental Farm at Ottawa, shown
in an accompanying cut as our general
model, and with a few changes make an
economic and sanitary barn fit for the
production of the highest class of milk.
First, let us consider the site. A slight
elevation is the best, as it ensures good
drainage facilities, along with this should
come considerable protection from the

prevailing winds, but due care should be
taken to secure plenty of sunlight, as it
is one of the most necessary agents.
Thus, with a good elevation, plenty of
sun and a wind-break we are ready to
start the foundation. It is advisable to
have the stable floor raised a foot or so
above the earth to secure proper drain-
age and freedom from dampness. Where
the foundation is set into a side hill
drainage tile should be laid all round
and just below the foundation. This
affords proper drainage and does away
with cold floors and damp stables with
wet side walls. A cement floor is the
cheapest and best, but care should be
taken in preparing the foundation ; it
should be underlaid with well crushed
field stone and covered with a five inch
mixture of seven to one, the top coat two
inches thick with the proportions three
to one. The mangers should be so
constructed that a cow shoving her food
over the edge would lose sight of it
and thus stop her reaching over the edge
of the manger, which not only causes
waste of litter but sore shoulders and
bruised knees.

The main structure of the barn can be
either a plank frame or a timber frame,

26

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

according to the locality, a plank frame
being preferable for finishing purposes;
a hipped-roof, well supported and cover-
ed with tin or galvanized iron, saves
labor and lumber. To have a dry stable
it is necessary to have insulation. This
requires an air space in your walls which
may be procured as follows: — Place
uprights, six by two edgewise every
three or four feet, on the outside lay
common building paper running up and

should have as much glass as possible
without weakening the structure of the
barn, say from 15 to 19 square feet
per head. A well lighted barn not only
looks bright and cheery, but at the same
time the sunlight destroys bacteria and
aids in sanitary production. Ventilation
goes hand in hand with all these con-
ditions, and an improved system should
be installed, Rutherford's being a uni-
versal favourite. The milk room and

Outside View of Model Barn. For Inside View see page 20.

down, on top of this planed or matched
lumber, on the inside next the studding
a thick patent fibre wall paper called
"Linofelt," and over this J inch matched
lumber. The ceiling is sheathed, and the
upper floor should be made strong as it
aids greatly in the durability of the barn.
The following has given great success:
first a rough floor laid at an angle across
the joist, then on top matched lumber
running lengthwise. A stable con-
structed in this manner is practically
airtight.

Sunlight being very essential, one

other attachments can be placed to suit
the situation.

Now that I have, in a very vague way,
outlined some primitive methods to help
advance sanitation, allow me to point
out to my readers that it lies entirely
with you, as farmers, to follow sanitary
methods, for by so doing you improve
your milk, which leads to the production
of high -class butter and cheese. The
dairy proprietor is the man at the helm,
therefore his aim should be to produce
a high-grade finished product.

G. C. Boyce, '15.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

27

The Horticultural Department.

HE last edition of the Canada
Year Book gives as the
total value of the vegetable
crop in the Province of
Quebec, in 1911— S5, 638,-
534, orchard fruits, 81,189,926, small
fruits S279,611, and honey and wax
$280,248, or a total value of ^7,388,319,
which is an increase of \75 c / ( over the
1901 total value. The province does
not by any means produce all the fruits,
vegetables and honey consumed by her
home markets, for much is brought in
from the sister provinces, the states to
the south of us, and even from foreign
countries, the larger part of which is
produce other than that which can be
profitably grown in this province. The
province, however, can grow more of this
produce and it is to be expected that even
larger increases will be shown in the
future.

The College has done much to en-
courage this industry along the proper
lines, not only through instruction to the
regular and short course students, but
also through addresses and practical
demonstrations given at meetings in
various parts of the province and by
articles in the press and correspondence
directly with the producer, and in this

way the College reaches a large number
of the farmers and fruit growers.

At the College there are some seventy
acres of orchard, small fruits and vege-
table gardens, the produce from this
going to supply, in part, the College
dining department and the various
families living on the campus and in the
near vicinity of the College grounds.
From time to time part of the produce is
disposed of in Montreal or elsewhere
when necessary.

In the growing of this produce, much
information, experimental and practical,
is obtained, not only in regard to
varieties but also in regard to cultural
practices, and the following lines of work
are briefly mentioned to give some idea
of the work.

Orchard. — The main orchard, of which
the older part was planted nine years ago,
is now coming into bearing and from the
large number of varieties, over seventy-
five, we expect to get some very useful
information in regard to hardiness, vigor,
bearing habit and general productive-
ness of these varieties, and also the
quality and texture of the fruit and its
desirableness under our conditions in
Quebec. Among this large number of
varieties some are little known and

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

others are comparatively new varieties,
and already some of these are showing
up favourably as compared to our better
known varieties.

An experiment has been outlined and
carried out to date to find out what is the
best fertilizer or combination of fertil-
izer for an orchard. Thirteen different
plots, each containing 26 trees, have been
used in this experiment, and each plot is
treated differently as to the amount and
kind of fertilizer applied. So far very

clusively shown that as far as the growth
of trees and bringing them into early
bearing is concerned, cultivation is much
superior to sod and it is expected that
even when the extra cost of cultivation
is taken into consideration, the returns
and profit through a period of fifteen or
more years will be considerably higher
from the cultivated part of the orchard.

Currants, both red and black, have
been among our most profitable crops,
followed closely by gooseberries, and we

A Prosperous Plot of Montreal Melons.

little difference can be seen in regard to
the size of the trees on the different plots,
but now that the trees are coming into
bearing we would expect to see some
marked differences in regard to their
bearing habits. A number of cover
crops have been grown with the result
that it has been found that hairy vetch,
crimson and red clover are the most
suitable in the orchard. Cultivation
and sod in the young orchard has con-

are adding to these plantations. Three
years ago a number of varieties ofEnglish
Gooseberries were planted and these
produced a fair crop of fruit this year,
comparatively free from mildew, and it
is hoped that these can be grown
profitably here. The raspberries and
strawberries have suffered more from
drouths, as the fruit ripens in the driest
part of the season, with the result that
the crop is never as large as it should be;

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

29

however, we expect to irrigate a good
part of our strawberries and raspberries
next year. Grapes are hardly a com-
mercial proposition, although for home
use they can be grown successfully, but
they will require protection during the
winter and early spring.

A large number of varieties of all the
small fruits have been grown, w T ith the
result that some have been found to be
much better than others for this province.

,

Vegetables do very well, although the
]and is not the most suitable for these
crops. Variety testing, cultural ex-
periments have been carried out, and
during the past two seasons an irrigation
system has been used in part. This
system will be completed next year,
when it is hoped that we will be in-
dependent of rainfall as far as these
crops are concerned. This irrigation
system will give us some very useful
information in regard to its cost of

operation and in the better crops
and greater returns per acre of land
irrigated.

An apiary, consisting of twenty-five
hives of bees, has been quite successfully
operated during two seasons, although
this season the crop of honey has been
below normal. An experiment in winter-
ing bees was conducted last winter, with
the result that a method of wintering
bees outdoors was found to be quite

successful as compared to other methods
in which some hives were killed out.

The greenhouses always contain con-
siderable interest in the way of flowers
and vegetables. A general supply is
grown to meet the College needs, which
is quite an important undertaking. In
the growing of the greenhouse crops,
many experiments have been carried out
in past years, particularly in tomatoes,
melons, cucumbers, lettuce, carnations,
chrysanthemums, violets, etc.

The Orchard.

30

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

A Troublesome Disease.

methods are given for prevention, I
take it that this is the part to figure
out for yourself.

The word " cause " is often misused
for another word. What the reference
should read is: White Diarrhea is induced
to a stage where one can recognise it by
overfeeding, dampness, extreme heat.
However, the word induced in reference
to this disease is somewhat modified, as
I will explain later.

White Diarrhea, or Bacillary White
Diarrhea, as it is correctly known,
has a specific cause, namely Bacterium
pullorum. That it cannot be cured is
the statement of Dr. Jones, of Cornell;
Dr. Gage; and the Connecticut Experi-
mental Station, where it has been studied
for several years. Connecticut was the
first to take it up for the reason that it
was first brought to their attention.
Dr. Rettger, of Yale, isolated the germ
Bacterium pullorum in his laboratory at
the time the Connecticut Station w T ere
beginning to study the disease from a
poultryman's standpoint, and through
some indirect way it was found that
both were studying the same disease.

HAVE often noticed in
many farm journals and
even in poultry papers,
within the last year, notes

of this nature : —
"I find that the direct cause of White
Diarrhea in chicks can be traced either
to overfeeding, drafts, dampness, ex-
treme heat or vermin. The disease
starts in the form of indigestion, and one
can in a measure overcome the trouble
or at least reduce the percentage of loss.
As cures are next to impossible, preven-
tion is worth considering. I have cured
some cases, although it hardly paid for
the bother."

(Signed) Jas. Smith.

This is an exact copy of a letter pub-
lished in a farm journal. To a poultry-
man, on looking over this note, it would
seem to him that he has certainly a great
deal to contend with in this disease.
Here we have five causes for the disease,
some having absolutely no connection
with each other; then a statement that
cures are almost impossible, and advis-
ing prevention as the remedy. As no

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

31

From that time Dr. Rettger has been
doing the laboratory work for the Ex-
perimental Station in the study of this
trouble.

The original source of infection is
the ovary of the mother hen. A chick
is hatched from an egg laid by a diseased
hen and is infected with the disease
from the first. Literally speaking, the
chick is born with the germ in its organs,
and the destructive work starts at an
early age. The trouble may also spread
through the media of infected food and
water. As a rule, infected chicks make
less satisfactory growth than those
that are apparently normal. For some
time they appear stunted and weak, but
may eventually undergo more or less
complete development. Female chicks
which survive often continue to harbor
the germ and may become permanent
bacillus carriers. As such they are a
constant source of infection.

The symptoms may vary somewhat,
as in many other diseases. At an early
age chicks die without any prominent
symptoms except perhaps that of weak-
ness. The characteristic whitish dis-
charge from the vent soon appears, how-
ever, and may be slight or abundant.
Another prominent sign is that the chicks
go off their feed and become sleepy and
are inclined to huddle together and re-
main under the hover most of the time.
The wings begin to droop and the
feathers ruffled. The chicks often ap-
pear short-backed and their abdomen
to protrude out of proportion. Some-
times they die suddenly while appearing
fairly strong. As the disease is pro-
longed the chicks gradually waste away
and the muscles in the wings, breasts
and legs lose their control.

According to the continuous experi-
ments of the Connecticut Station the
period of grave danger of infection is
within the first three days after hatching.

The feeding of sour milk as a cure was
carried on for a long time. It was
found out, however, that cures were im-
possible, but the feeding of sour milk
to chicks is still being carried on as a
prevention from outside infection and
as a method of lessening the mortality.
The principle in the feeding of sour milk
is the action of the lactic acid as a tonic.
It has appeared to me during the last
two years which I have fed sour milk
to chicks and from what others have told
me who practised the same feeding,
that sour skim-milk is a great benefit
to chicks even though the flock is en-
tirely free from white diarrhea. It
seems to put lots of vitality into the
chick, which will, of course, lower mor-
tality too. I always teach the chicks
to drink the sour milk before they know
what water is, and it is surprising how
well they relish it even after they
have grown to maturity. Prof. Rice,
of Cornell, considers that sour skim-
milk is worth 14c. a quart for feeding
value to chicks, that is, reckoning on the
amount of gain in weight of sour milk-
fed chickens over those not fed sour milk.
The skim milk is just as good as the w r hole
milk and is more economical.

As stated before, there is no cure for
this disease, and the elimination of
the infected layers is the only way
possible of keeping it in check. The
first method for determining whether
a certain flock was infected led to the
direct examination of mature hens.
Hens were selected, killed, and their
ovaries examined. The object of this
was to obtain an idea as to possibility
of infection. It needs no expert to
distinguish a normal ovary from that
of one affected with Bacterium pullorum.
In the mature hen the normal ovary
is made up of numerous ova of various
sizes and the developed ova range in
color from a light yellow to a rich yoke

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MACDOXALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

color, and take the shape of the yoke
in the egg. In a typical diseased ovary
we have a less healthful appearance.
Some of the ova may be normal, but most
of them are somewhat angular, darker
in color and more or less mottled. The
contents are characteristic in that they
chiefly consist of a cheesy matter.

The first most satisfactory method
for diagnosis was the bacteriological
examination of the eggs. This has
to be carried on in a laboratory and em-
bodies a lot of work as well as a great
deal of equipment. Dr. Jones, of Cor-
nell, has recently made further steps
in this determination. He has invented
an apparatus for the detection of the
disease in the blood of the hen. In
this case only a small amount of blood
is needed, while in the egg test many
eggs from one flock or pen have to be
examined, which makes the testing
rather cumbersome. Connecticut has
a scheme which it hopes to inaugurate
and which will probably be carried out
elsewhere if successful. The Experi-
mental Station will, for a small fee, test
the blood from hens for any farmer or
poultryman who requests it. The sta-
tion furnishes a mailing case with a

small bottle, giving directions for draw-
ing a blood sample. Each bird in this
case is leg-banded, and each blood sam-
ple is labelled with the leg band number.
In this way the poultryman will be able,
at a very small expense, to find out just
how his flock stands.

The white diarrhea myth has perhaps
been lauded a little too freely in many
sections of the country. Many people
having heard a little about the disease
at once begin to look for trouble, and
succeed in digging it up within a short
time. In other words, they just imagine
things. I was told by one of the men
who has been making a study of this
disease, that many persons report great
damage done by white diarrhea, but
which investigation proves to be a re-
sult of feeding troubles. A great deal
of the trouble that is called by the name
is not bacillary white diarrhea, and that
trouble, like many other troubles, tends
to disappear under good sanitary con-
ditions. As a matter of fact, there is no
disease that poultrymen need to dread
if they avoid contaminated soil, filthy
runs and ill ventilated houses.

C. F. Peterson, '16.

Cereal Department ?

MACDONALD COLLEGE

MAGAZINE

33

Preparing the Flock for Winter.

N this short article it is the drained land where the soil is fairly

intention of the writer to sandy; all openings should be in the

deal with the preparation front side of the houses, thus avoiding

for winter of a small flock, all draught; they should be we 1 lighted

as kept on the average farm, and well ventilated. Fowls do not mind

rather than on an extensive poultry a reasonable amount of cold if the air is

plant. dry and free from draughts. Factory

The first question to be considered in cotton makes a very good ventilator for

preparing for winter is the housing of poultry houses. Either special openings

the flock. The number of birds to be may be made or part of the glass removed

kept will regulate the size of the house.
If old houses are to be used they should
be thoroughly cleaned and sprayed with
a reliable dis'nfectant. Possibly some
alterations would be beneficial in regard
to the construction of the houses. When-
ever possible the following suggestions
should be carried out, whether in the
case of building or altering the poultr^
house: — Poultry houses should face the
south; they should be built on well

from the windows and replaced by
cotton. The accompanying illustration
is of an 8 ft. x 12 ft. open (cotton) front
house used at the Dominion Experi-
mental Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia.
This house gave very good satisfaction
as a winter-house and was remarkably
free from dampness.

It is not necessary to have the houses
constructed elaborately so long as they
are free from dampness and draughts,

34

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

supply plenty of fresh air and sunl ght
and are convenient to work in.

With regard to the poultry, those
birds which are to be wintered should
be in their winter quarters now. By
this it is not meant that they should
be confined to the houses. Nothing will
hinder the progress, as far as laying is
concerned, quicker than shifting the
hens from place to place. If the birds
have not been selected, they should be
at once. Those which are known to be
good layers, either by reco d of trap-
nest or by observation, should be re-
tained. In selecting pure-bred stock it
is advisable for the beginner to use the
Standard of Per'ection or get some good
poultryman to cul out his stock. Any
that are not to be wintered should be
separated, so as to g ve the rest a good
chance. In selecting birds, although the
above two points must be looked after,
they should not cover any deficiency in
health. Hens cannot be expected to lay
well, put on flesh or produce strong
vigorous chickens, if they are not in the
pink of condition.

If you are buying stock, make up your
mind as to what breed you are to keep
and then stick to it. If a flock is to be
kept for eggs only, select a breed such as

the Leghorn, Minorca, Andalusian, etc.;
on the other hand, if a general purpose
breed is wanted, one such as the Ply-
mouth Rock, Wyandotte, Rhode Island
Red, etc., should prove satisfactory.
There are, of course, good, bad and
indifferent specimens in every breed,
and in selecting care should be taken
to select from a good strain.

Judgment must be used with regard
to the feeding and general care of the
flock at this time. Do not make sudden
changes in the rations, but work grad-
ually from one system to another.
Variety in feeding is a great factor, but
sudden changes in food or even in the
method of feeding should be avoided.
The fowls should be getting the food
which they are to have during the win-
ter, with the exception of green food
which they should be getting from the
fields. Give them all their whole grain
in a deep litter and make them earn
their living. Be sure that your fowls
are comfortable at night, do not let
them catch cold. They do not neces-
sarily need to be kept too warm, but
by using judgment they may be grad-
ually hardened, so that when Jack Frost
comes they will be able to meet him in
strong condition. Boulden, Agr., 16.

TIME AND TOIL.

Leave not the business of to-day to be
done to-morrow : for who knoweth
what may be thy condition to-morrow ?
The rose-garden, which is to-day full of
flowers, to-morrow, when thou would
pluck a rose, may not afford thee even
one. — Firdawsi.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

35

£j(jr&jwju& Mom ,/oj\

Editorial.

X this number of Macdonald
College Magazine there is a
new departure to be herald-
ed, for an opportunity has
now been given to the staff
of the School for Teachers to convey
their ideas directly to the teachers in
the Province by means of this section in
the Magazine. Henceforth, about ten
pages will be reserved for staff articles,
and the College is making provision
for sending a copy of each number of
the Magazine to every school and
teacher in the Province

This new' adventure is designed to
keep the teaching profession in touch
with the training school and to enable
the members of the training staff to
send professional messages to teachers.

We trust that this new enterprise
will add to the value of the Magazine
and increase the good work it has
already performed in the interests of
the students and the general public.

An interesting feature of the attend-
ance in the School for Teachers this
year is the presence of no fewer than
seven Agricultural students who are
taking the special course for a Model
Diploma.

Another feature is the fact that there
are no fewer than one hundred and

twenty-six students at present in the
Model Class. This is the largest Model
Class that has ever studied at Mac-
donald College.

An unusual number of men students
has also registered this session, of
whom six are in the Model Class and
two in the Elementary Class. The
total number of students registered
this year is one hundred and seventy-
six.

Increase of Bursary.

A very important step for increasing
the number of trained teachers in the
Province has been taken by the Protest-
ant Committee of the Council of Public
Instruction by increasing the bursary
from seventy-five to one hundred dollars.
This bursary is paid to all students
entering the School for Teachers at
Macdonald College who sign an agree-
ment to teach for three years in a rural
elementary school. It is thus made
easier for country students to take
a full year's training in the School
for Teachers. The bursary of one
hundred dollars amounts to about two-
thirds of the total expense. This gener-
ous action of the Protestant Committee
does good in two ways. In the first
place it renders it more possible for
country students to take a full year's
training and make themselves efficient

36

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

teachers. In the second place it will
have a tendency to encourage a larger
number of students to attend the School
for Teachers and thus provide more
trained teachers for the rural schools,
which require trained teachers more
than any other type of school if their
work is to be efficient.

Schools and the War.

For the last two months the war has
dominated everything and schools feel
the effect in numerous ways. Much
school furniture and equipment comes
from Europe. Water colours, artists'
supplies and pencils come from Germany
and many books come from Great
Britain, but in spite of the war the school
work can proceed with little disturbance.

There are, however, several aspects
from which our schools should view
this war:

1. It is an excellent encouragement
for the teaching of geography.

2. Schools should give all pupils
an account of the origin of the war
and its causes.

3. Pupils must learn and teachers
must teach the laws of evidence.

The first of these needs no comment,
for everybody now knows the position
of Liege, Namur, Belgrade and even
Sarajevo. This wonderful interest in
the war should be harnessed to pull
the geography lessons along smoothly
and rapidly.

The other two aspects of the war are
bound up together. Even young chil-
dren have access to daily papers and
either read or hear the news. But the
facts are bewildering and a clear head
is needed to keep approximately to
the truth. Weekly papers are safer
than the dailies, because of the retro-

spect on the events of the week. The
monthly magazines and quarterlies are
best of all. Particular mention should
be made of the British " W 7 hite Paper"
giving the essential bedrock of the facts.
The Province of Ontario is to be com-
mended for its excellent foresight and
wisdom in issuing this " White Paper "
free to every Ontario School. This step
might well be followed in Quebec.

Again, there are always two sides to
every question and we must learn to
study both British and German versions
of the causes and events of the war.
We must distinguish between false and
true news; between real convictions and
artificially created opinions. We must
listen to views that seem to us mistaken,
and sift the true from the false. History
should be and is viewed dispassionately.
But this is a more momentous period
of history than the world has ever ex-
perienced and it is difficult to consider
the pros and cons calmly. Children
must obtain such guidance and infor-
mation that they will not be ignorant
of the facts but learn the value of evi-
dence and the balance of probability
or truth.

In a mixed province like ours with
immigrants from all Europe, we must
have some sympathy for unfortunate
Germans and Austrians living among
us. There may be, and undoubtedly
there are, spies, but we ought to be gen-
erous to non-combatants living among
us who are Canadian in feeling.

We rest secure in the righteousness
of our cause and are determined that
there shall be only one issue.

Sinclair Laird.

School Trustees, Teachers and
Bad Faith.

On August 22nd, the secretary-treas-
urer of a School Board wrote to the
College in great distress, as his school

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

37

was to open in a few clays and he had
no teacher for the school. He asked
help, and the name of an unengaged
experienced teacher with a diploma,
who lived in the adjoining county,
was sent to him. This young lady was,
at the same time, advised of the prospect
of an offer from this Board and expected
it. She received a letter from the secre-
tary offering her the position at S40 per
month, and answered immediately. On
August 28th she received a letter from
the secretary stating that the School
Board had engaged another teacher
without waiting for her reply.

No condemnation can be too strong
for such a breach of faith, and the
Board's action in the matter is utterly
contemptible. There is a great scarcity
of qualified teachers for the coast schools,
and I am convinced that the manner
in which School Boards appoint their
teachers has a great deal to do with it.

Unfortunately, such dishonesty is not
confined to trustees, for, on September
4th, I had a letter from a School Board
" regarding a breach of faith on the part
of a teacher " and asking help from the
College to secure another teacher.

Such incidents are certainly too com-
mon on either side. A situation of
that kind should never exist. An offer
of a post is binding until it is refused or a
reasonable time for reply has elapsed.
Acceptance of a post is likewise binding
though the actual contract is not signed.

What is the educational world coming
to if both trustees and teachers regard
honorable letters as " scraps of paper "?

Surely the fact that the letters are
dated August and September of this year
does not imply that the evil influence of
German disregard of treaties is corrupt-
ing good manners and faith in the Pro-
vince of Quebec!

Sinclair Laird.

Never Mare Needed than To-day.

38

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary

OF THE

Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers

of Quebec.

ELEBRATIONS of various
kinds take their coloring
from the events transpiring
at the time of the celebra-
tion. The Executive had
planned a year ago to hold the Conven-
tion this year in the City of Quebec on
October 8th, 9th and 10th. The place
of meeting suggested the character of
the programme. History should be the
central thought, history at first hand.
Various toward and untoward events
shaped the details of the programme and
gave an historical and military cast
to the proceedings. The lurid and
ominous clouds of the European war
made a background of unparalleled
horror, apprehension and grandeur. The
year 1914 will be burned into the minds
of all living peoples as the year of The
War.

The historic city of Quebec was the
stage across which the actors of 300 years
of civilized history, subsequent to the
founding of Quebec in 1608, 150 under
French regime and 150 under English
government passed in review. Names on
monuments and streets, and documents
mark the passage of time during the
French occupation of Quebec. Because
of the poor work of the contractors and
government officials of that time not a
stone remains to mark the French rule.
Brick and mortar, stone and wood, like
the great actors on the stage of history,
have crumbled into dust. It is true
that Anne Street brings to mind the
Company of 100 Associates; Dufferin

Terrace the first Fort St. Louis, the
Basilica calls up old Notre Dame de la
Couvrance, the first three public build-
ings in Kebeck. Connected with the
central date of the period and the divid-
ing line of history, 1759, many names and
places are to be found : Wolfe, Montcalm,
Levis, the Plains of Abraham, Orleans,
Montmorency, Beauport, Wolfe's Cove,
Cap Rouge and Sillery Point, the Cove
Fields marking the first British fortifica-
tions; Montmorency, Laval, Kent House,
the residence of Queen Victoria's father;
Little Champlain Street where Mont-
gomery fell, a soldier to whose memory
Canadians will not permit a monument
to be erected; the Avenue des Braves
and many other names and places too
numerous to mention keep alive the
memory of three hundred years of im-
portant history.

Thursday afternoon was fine and was
spent in an excursion to the Mecca of
French Canadians, Ste. Anne de Beau-
pre. For the twenty-one miles of the
journey we had a guard of honor; on the
right the Island of Orleans in the dis-
tance, in its gorgeous robes of Autumn
coloring, with the river between; on
the left, near at hand, a perfect riot of
color in the maples, birches, aspens and
evergreens; while in the distance, against
the sky line, the foothills of the Lauren-
tians appeared like glowing forest fires.

To every child of Quebec belongs by
right of birth the opportunity of study-
ing Canadian history in the highly satis-
factory way indicated by Dr. Colby in

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

39

his address on "The Teaching of His-
tory." A thorough knowledge of some
one period, actual sites, maps of sites,
large units of time, 300 years or 370, if we
care to go back to Jacques Cartier's first
visit, divided into smaller units, original
documents, descriptive narrative, accu-
racy of fact, were salient features of the
lecture.

The Quebec Boy Scout Association
kept up the military spirit at the celebra-
tion by flitting, in khaki dress, across
the stage in all directions, courteously
offering their services to the members of
Convention as guides, messengers and
burden bearers. The teachers, un-
daunted by torrents of rain and abun-
dant mud, with garments adroop like
rained on fowls, and wet to the skin, set
a splendid example to their guides, the
boy scouts and other children of Quebec,
of dogged determination to gain useful
information in the face of fearful odds.
The example was so good that never
again could the school children of Quebec
exemplify "the infinite capacity of the
human brain to withstand the intro-
duction of knowledge."

Dr. Peterson's eloquent address on
"The Origin of The War" was an excel-
lent resume of the events leading up to
the present European struggle for exist-
ence, and was listened to eagerly by a
large audience.

The President of the Association, Mr.
C. M. McBurney, B.A., stated that Dr.
Peterson had taken one half of his ad-
ress and Dr. Colby the other half, but
showed the futility of the old Roman saw
"ex nihilo nihil fit" by making a very
gracious and eloquent address with
the remainder, in which he reviewed
briefly the history of the Association,
paying a glowing tribute to Dr. Robins,
late Principal of the McGill Normal
School, whose life and work are in the
warp and woof of the Association's fifty
years of life.

Some of the teachers were disap-
pointed, at first, by the meagre pro-
gramme provided by the Executive, but
they soon entered into the spirit of the
promoters, history, celebration, war, and
received much good from the visit to
Quebec.

Dr. G. W. Parmelee, English Secretary
of the Department of Public Instruction,
and author-in-collaboration with Dr. A.
G. Doughty, C. M. G., of "The Siege of
Quebec," closed the programme on Satur-
day morning with a splendid address on
the subject of his valuable contribution
to historical literature.

Where were the teachers trained at
Macdonald College? They were not
sufficiently well represented at the Con-
vention. It must be borne in mind that
the men and women who have been
eminently successful in the work of
teaching in this Province have lined up
in the Teachers' Association with other
educationists in a strong, vigorous,
forward battle line, ready for both offen-
sive and defensive war against ignorance.

The advantages to the young teachers,
as well as to the older ones, of joining
teachers' institutes and conventions are
many. The inspiration and enthusiasm
which come from contact with others
engaged in similar work to our own, and
from specialists in their own lines, the
mental rub up with men of affairs like
Sir Lomer Gouin, the Premier of the
Province; Sir Francis Langelier, Lieu-
tenant-Governor of the Province; Lt.-
Col. Roy and Lt.-Col. Wood, who all
addressed the Convention at some ses-
sion, cannot be too highly valued.

The Teachers' Association stands on
guard for your interests whether you
sleep or wake. Your pension is safe-
guarded by it, an investment which the
young teacher is inclined to belittle. The
Association brings a heavy weight of
public opinion to bear upon your griev-
ances, be they the lowering of the stand-

40

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

ards of your diploma or the arbitrary
conduct of those to whom you bear an
official relationship. It is in the Teach-
ers' Association that you may discuss
and legislate for improvements in the
courses of study and in the text-books,
and may get help in solving the rural
or urban problems which confront all
teachers.

Surely the students who leave Mac-
donald College after a year or two spent
in browning in the fine library of that
institution must feel the need of good
books and magazines to supplement their
school texts, and furnish them with read-
ing matter for the long winter evenings.
The Teachers' Association comes to your
help. It has a loan library for teachers.
For a list of the books and the rules gov-
erning it write to Mr. Watson Bain,
M.A., the Montreal High School. It
has club rate arrangements for the best
educational magazines. For lists of

magazines and club rates write to Miss
I. Grant, Westmount School Board.

McGill University, also, has a travel-
ling library for teachers. Mr. Gould,
Librarian of McGill University, would
give information to teachers in reference
to this library.

Why do so few teachers attend the
Convention ? On my return from Quebec
I met a rural school teacher who said:
" Did you go to the Convention at
Quebec?" On my answering in the
affirmative she replied, "I wish that I
had known you were going I would
have asked you to take me. I was afraid
to reach Quebec by myself at ten
o'clock at night." Come to the next
Convention to be held at Westmount,
and if you write to us for aid we shall be
pleased to provide a chaperon com-
mittee for which I hereby pledge one
member.

Union is strength. L. B. Robins.

Who is the Happier ?

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

n

Music in the Curriculum.

" I am fully satisfied in my judgment, nor am I ashamed to own it, that, divinity
excepted, there is no science which can match music. The young should be habituated
to this art, for it refines and makes expert." — {Luther.)

1 these materialistic times the
school curriculum is in dan-
ger of being formulated
upon utilitarian principles,

which are apt to allow an
immediate and temporary advantage to
blind its critics to greater, wider and
more permanent good. This is perhaps
one of many reasons which accounts for
the meagre place which music occupies
in our provincial schools. It is the
purpose of this paper to enumerate some
of the benefits, physical, intellectual and
emotional, which justify its inclusion in
a properly organised system of educa-
tion.

In a discussion upon music in our
public schools it would be obviously
" beside the mark" to treat of the ad-
vantages of individual instrumental in-
struction; and we must restrict our
consideration to the benefits to be
derived from teaching elementary vocal
music in class.

I. — Physical.

Good breathing is essential to good
singing. It is impossible to produce
a pleasant, natural tone without right
habits of breathing, adequate lung
capacity, and the exercise of the will
in the muscular control of the breath.

In addition to the immediate benefit
to the child's voice from the practice of
singing, — improvement of tone, exten-
sion of compass, increase of volume, —
correct vocal exercise in childhood has
a distinctly beneficial effect upon the
adult voice.

The influence of singing upon speech
is important. It improves the speaking
voice. The prolongation of vowels, the
analysis of diphthongs, the sharp attack
of consonants necessary in singing have
a direct bearing upon pronunciation and
articulation in speech. It is a powerful
aid in the cure of stammering. It
increases the range of inflexion in read-
ing and writing (one of the sure signs of
an active intelligence). It also gives
greater control of the means of vocal
expression.

Another benefit from the practice of
singing is that it exercises the faculty
of hearing, quickening and rendering it
more discriminative.

The physical act of singing, stimulat-
ing as it does the respiratory, nervous,
muscular, and (to a less extent) the
circulatory and digestive processes, in-
creases the vitality, if the exercise is
directed with discretion.

1 1 . — I NTELLECTUAL.

So much has been written about
music as a recreative agent that its
value as an intellectual exercise is apt
to be underrated. Yet as a mere study,
and apart from relaxation, its claims are
considerable. These claims are evident
as regards the higher branches of musical
theory, counterpoint, composition, or-
chestration, and so forth, which are
outside the scope of school music; but
the mental appeal of practical class-
singing, though properly subservient to
its school purpose of relaxation, is both
powerful and unique. Having, as its

42

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

chief material, fleeting aural impressions,
there is no subject which calls for greater
alertness of attention, fineness of dis-
crimination, and promptness of response.
This is especially true of teaching reading
music at sight.

Even in teaching songs by imitation,
"singing by rote," the best methods of
securing the interest of a class are
founded upon more or less obvious
appeals to the intelligence and musical
taste of the pupils. Such essentials as
sense of rhythm, beauty of tone, perfect
intonation, phrasing, diction, expression,
can be properly secured only by awaken-
ing the intelligence of the singers. From
this beginning it is natural to proceed
to higher points of musical appreciation,
such as appropriate tone-colour, senti-
ment or "mood," appositeness of words
and setting, characteristics or history
of folk-songs, analysis of construction,
and other aesthetic contents of the songs
being practised.

The chief difficulties of teaching sight
reading lie in the domain of Pitch: to
recognise and reproduce readily and
accurately from written signs a melodic
succession of tones ; to cultivate a definite
sense of tonality; to relegate any given
tone to its own place in the scale-system ;
to estimate correctly and quickly melo-
dic intervals, consonant or dissonant;
to maintain an independent voice-part
— these and similar problems are not
to be despised as forms of brain-train-
ing.

Analogous mental exercise is afforded
by the study of Rhythm; from the
elementary notions of regularity, pace,
accent; continued by the study of
sustained tones, rests, subdivisions of
beat, syncopation, varieties of time
(duple, triple; simple, compound); until
the more subtle aesthetic uses of rhyth-
mic devices are gradually unfolded in
polyphonic and cyclical art-forms.

If the elements of Pitch and Rhythm
separately afford so much intellectual
exercise, their combination will plainly
demand more complex thinking, which
is quite unique in its variety, character
and activity.

The possessor of a well-trained ear
has a piece of mental equipment which
is of practical utility in the ordinary
affairs of life, wherever audible things
are concerned, — in determining the
pitch, character, duration, volume and
intensity of all sounds; in some scientific
investigations; in discriminating niceties
of pronunciation in the study of his
own or of foreign languages; in readiness
of apprehending the matter, meaning
and character of speakers from their
vocal intonation; and in multitudinous
ways.

The skill required in singing, especially
in sight-singing, is unlike any other. In
drawing, painting, modelling, or manual
training, the visual and tactual percepts
are of material assistance. In vocal
practice the effort is more intimately
mental. The will acts in response to a
mental stimulus, and the correction of
a misdirection of volition is dependent
solely upon the judgment of the ear:
the eye does not help, as is the case in
most exercises for the acquirement of
skill.

Another valuable benefit of musical
training lies in the stimulus it affords
to the imagination and inventiveness of
the pupil. The material of music,
reduced to its elements, is exceedingly
simple, — seven tones (plus their chro-
matic variants), long or short, loud or
soft: that is all! Yet, out of this un-
promising material such a bewildering
profusion of tonal effects are possible
that the development is inexhaustible.
Ways of using this phase of music in
teaching will afford pleasurable exercise
for teacher and pupils alike.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

43

Mush is not confined to one nation,
language, or period. The study of songs
of various periods and many nationalities
affords new and widening interest,
especially to the teaching of history
and geography.

The sharpening of the general faculties
by a training in sight-reading has already
been alluded to. Its truth has never
been controverted wherever it has been
given a fair trial. The probable reason
for its influence upon the mind as a
whole lies in the fact that the coordina-
tion of eye, brain, ear and voice needful
in acquiring skill in singing music at
sight requires a concentrated, alert
attitude of mind, which becomes more
or less a habit adopted by the pupil
towards his studies in general.

Ill . — Emotional.

Music is so commonly called "the
language of the emotions" that to argue
on emotional grounds for its inclusion
in the curriculum seems like an attempt
to prove the world round, so that but
few words will suffice.

The child's natural delight in mere
sounds and in rhythmic movements are
factors which the educationist uses as a
basis of operations. From these physical
joys it is an easy task to lead the child
to find corresponding pleasures in a
simple artistic use of vocal tones, and
in the mental appreciation of elementary
rhythmic devices. Cultivated with skill
from these natural proclivities, the
pleasure increases with power. Nor
does this pleasure end with childhood,
— perhaps not with life itself, if there
be truth in the Apocalypse!

The consciousness of power in produc-
tion — even in the ability to reproduce
a simple song — is an incentive to further
effort, no less applicable to music than
to other subjects; and the pleasure can
be repeated, without preparation or
expense, in the home.

As a means of developing the child's
power of self-expression and of self-
control ; as a field for the play of imagina-
tion, sentiment and ideality; as a
discipline in self-abnegation (the voice
of the individual being merged in the
general tone of the class) ; as a welcome
relief from the continuous use of the
hands, singing has peculiar educational
value.

But the highest use of music in school
lies in its power to awaken the artistic
taste. It deepens and ennobles the
emotional nature and refines the man-
ners, because the intelligent expression
of ennobling or refined sentiments leaves
a similar impression upon character.

From the standpoint of school organ-
isation the advantages of class-singing
as a subject are many: expensive or
bulky apparatus is not necessary, — an
instrument is sometimes a distinct hin-
drance: — it needs no time in class pre-
paration, or disturbance of the class-
room; it brightens the routine; it can be
used in short periods, in conjunction
with other subjects, or between other
lessons; finally, it is extremely good for
the teacher, for, although it requires
little special skill, it is noteworthy that
a teacher who can give a really good
class-singing lesson can handle prac-
tically any other subject with success.

G. A. Stanton.

To-day is thine to spend, but not to-morrow ;

Counting on morrows breedeth bankrupt sorrow ;

O, squander not this breath that heaven hath lent ;

Make not too sure another breath to borrow. — Omar Khayyam.

44

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The Agricultural Model Teachers'

Course.

year were required to put in two Sept-
embers (1914 and 1915) ; those of the
Sophomore year, tw r o Septembers, and
the months of May and June at the end
of their Sophomore year ; while those
belonging to the present Freshman year
were required to spend two Septembers,
two spring terms similar to the Sopho-
more one, and three periods (hours)
per week throughout the Freshman
year.

The purpose, or rather the purposes,
for which the course was made possible
may be called threefold. Firstly, to
enable those students entering college to
reimburse themselves at the end of their
second year exactly in the same manner
as students in Arts may obtain a second
class Academy diploma at the end of the
second year in Arts ; Secondly, to relieve
somewhat the tension felt throughout
the province because of the scarcity of
teachers, particularly men ; thirdly, to
make it possible for graduates, especially
those in demonstration work, to take
classes in Agriculture throughout the
province in a capable and masterful
way.

0 those who have not heard
of the new course in the
School for Teachers the
above headline will, no

doubt, seem formidable and
confusing. Before we enter into any
account of the course an explanation of
how it came to be and its purposes will,
therefore, not be out of place.

For the past two years a movement
has been on foot to give the Agricultural
students, of a matriculation standing, an
opportunity to obtain a certificate to
teach. For various reasons, those who
championed the cause met with some
opposition, and for a time it was felt
that no good could come of their exer-
tions. However, after many discourage-
ments, at the spring meeting of the
Protestant Committee of this Province,
a resolution was passed which made it
possible for a student in any of the first
three years of Agriculture to obtain the
regular Model Diploma Certificate by
spending in the School for Teachers
periods of time varying according to
the seniority of the students. Those
who might enter from the present Junior

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

45

Because they did not know of the
course, or did not realize its value, no
students were forthcoming from the
Freshman year. From the other two
years seven teachers appeared on Sept-
ember 3rd, ready and willing to undergo
or enjoy whatever the authorities deemed
necessary.

We entered the course with a great
connection of feelings, uppermost of
which was an utter lack of knowledge
of what we might have to do before we
could claim our cercificates. We all
remember yet the dread we had of our
first lesson in practice teaching and in
music, but now we look back on them
with pleasure. Several very amusing
incidents happened during the course,
but to relate them would be to disclose
trade secrets, for we were in a class by
ourselves. All instructors were very
kind, and one and all went out of their
wav to assist us. Emphatically we
experienced the exception to the old
rule, Familiarity breeds contempt, for as
the days rolled by our respect for the
staff increased in bounds ; our self-
respect in the teaching art as rapidly
decreased.

To ease the minds of those whose
misfortune it is to look on the dark side
of things, a brief summary of our work
will suffice to show that our respect was

not born because of any leniency on the
part of the staff. In the whole of our
time we had one free period and we soon
learned to value it highly. Twice a week
we were required to spend the afternoons
at practice teaching, and for the first
week we thought, talked and dreamt of
nothing but Lesson Plans. Two other
afternoons we had laboratory periods in
drawing and the rest of our time was
filled with lectures in the method of
teaching in English, French, Music,
Physical Training, etc. In addition,
every lecture was very concise. Three
times per week we had the pleasure of a
treatise on Education from Prof. Laird,
and it was with extreme regret that we
heard the last of his advices.

Although we had tried our best to
absorb all that was given during the
month, yet at the end we had only begun
to realize what a complex matter really
good teaching is, and if at times we
could not keep back the feeling that in-
struction in some of the more elementary
forms was nonsense we really knew that
the fault lay with us. It is to be hoped
that next year's Freshman class will
avail themselves of such an opportunity
of procuring what could be well called a
sure means of livelihood.

J. H. McOuat, Agr., '16.

Avis Public.

Public Notice is hereby given that at
the next meeting of the students in the
Assembly Hall, a receptacle will be
provided into which may be put buttons,
keys, small change, and other articles
of infantile delight. This is not to aid
the Salvation Army, but to provide an
opportunity for those really interested
to hear what the speakers have to say.

46

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Mastery for Service.

ASTER Y for Service" is the
motto chosen for Mac-
donald College, one of the
foremost Agricultural Col-
leges in the Dominion.
The motto is appropriate, for if anyone
vocation combines in itself all that is
best in both mastery and service, that
vocation is the farmer's.

Perhaps in no other realm of life is
service so indispensable for mastery.
Students of scientific agriculture have
given years of service to gain mastery of
the soil, and they have succeeded in
growing more and better crops on the
land. It is they who must teach
agriculturists to make supply exceed
demand, even under the existing con-
ditions in many countries, of ever in-
creasing city space and a consequent
decreasing area of farm lands. In these
days, people living in the temperate
zones do not, as a rule, give much
thought to the sources of food supply.
They never suffer severely in times of
drought, as their ancestors did, firstly
because agriculturists have done much
by irrigation and other means to over-
come a dry season; secondly, because
food is stored away for future use for
a long time ahead.

In war, especially in a long drawn-out
war, the question of food is a serious one,

and frequently decides the result. It
has been said that the Battle of Waterloo
was won on the playing fields of Eton.
So it is true that the battle which must
be waged at the close of a war, is even
now being won in the colleges of scien-
tific agriculture. When this present
terrible war is ended, it will be for the
servants and masters of agriculture to
labor long and willingly for their cause.
It will be only by the wealth of the soil
that devastated cities and ruined towns
will in time be restored to something of
their former prosperity. Service will
bring mastery.

In this requirement of service, agri-
culture ranks with the Fine Arts. In
the Fine Arts we are apt to believe that
mastery is innate. Latent genius may
be there, but it requires years of patient
study to develop it to its highest form.
Musicians, sculptors and artists, es-
pecially, must work very hard if they
wish to succeed. Authors, though, do
not have to serve an apprenticeship in
writing. Every experience is an educa-
tion to them, for they are gifted with the
" seeing eye." Those authors or poets,
however, who have besides talent, " an
infinite capacity for taking pains," gen-
erally produce work of a higher literary
order. Tennyson was never content
with his poems as first written. He

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

47

always reviewed them carefully, polish-
ing them and adding to their beauty.
In music, moreover, there can be no
mastery without a great deal of service,
and in that art, more than any other,
talent needs much study and work
before it becomes genius. If you read
the lines of Mozart, Mendelssohn, or any
of the great composers, or the memoirs
of some of our greatest singers, you will
see that they worked very hard in their
youth and worked even after they were
famous.

In science there can be no reward of
mastery before services have been ren-
dered. Darwin worked and studied
all his lifetime, even through ill-health.
Edison, we are told, never ceases work.
All the great scientific discoveries, elec-
trical, mechanical or medical, are the
results of years of service. Often one
man has begun where another has left
off, and so has seemed to accomplish
miracles, but those who look deeper
always find that there are years of toil
behind any great scientific discovery.

Thus we see our motto, 11 Mastery for
Service,'' is an appropriate one for the
other two schools of Macdonald College,
also. In teaching, to master one's self for
the service of others is absolutely
necessary to success. In Household
Science there is a great deal of service to
be undergone before mastery is attained,
and Household Science is a science in the
full sense of the word. So on the tri-
angle of green and gold, which is our
emblem and which represents the three
schools, we have en graved " Mastery
for Service," a splendid motto indeed
to live up to, and if we live up to
it faithfully —

11 It may be we shall touch the Happy
Isles,

It may be that the gulfs will wash us
down ;

But something ere the end,
Some work of noble note, may yet be
done."

Rebecca Echexberg, T. '15.

From Producer to Consumer.

48

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The Initiation of the Teachers.

First Version.

HE initiation of the Model
and Elementary Teachers
took place on Saturday
evening, Sept. 5. In the

afternoon a notice was put
up on the bulletin board announcing a
meeting of the Literary Society in the
Gymnasium at 7 p.m. There were
some suspicions as to the character of
the meeting, but everyone was present
when Professor Laird came in at the
appointed time and took his place on
the platform, where a table and three
chairs had been placed. It was then
noticed that the Seniors had myster-
iously vanished.

In his opening remarks Professor
Laird said that he had been asked to
make an address, but was not quite
sure on what subject to speak. At this
remark there was a general burst of
laughter; and everyone knew r that some-
thing out of the ordinary was about to
happen. However, he began to speak
about the present war and the misery
and suffering entailed by it. Just as
everyone was intent on his words a
frightful shrieking and moaning arose.
All eyes w r ere at once turned toward the
Gym gallery, whence the weird sounds
proceeded. A ghostly procession, led by
three figures clothed in black college
gowns and caps and carrying in their
hands rolls of parchment, was gliding
across the gallery and down the stairs.
The whole company wended their way
to the front, and the leaders took their
places on the platform, while the ghosts

arranged themselves about it. Two
vessels containing salt water were placed
on either side of the platform, and a
ghost holding a towel stood by each one.

One of the black-garbed spectres then
demanded silence, but the command was
treated with derision by the Freshies.
However, after a time some measure of
quiet was obtained, and the spectres
proceeded to read the laws of the Seniors.
According to these laws a Freshie must
prostrate herself on meeting a Senior
and remain so until bidden to rise; and
she must open all doors and allow her
Seniors to pass through before herself.
A word of advice was then given to
these greenest of green Freshies that they
might avoid mistakes. When the dinner-
bell rang they were not to make a frantic
rush into the hall thinking that a stray
cow was roaming about; they were not
to make a dash for their rooms to study
whenever a bell rang at night, as it
would probably be the telephone bell;
they were not to hurry to the dining-
room at meal time, as the food would
not run away; and above all they were
not to fuss with the Aggies.

When this part of the ceremony was
completed the mournful music of the
Dead March wailed through the room
and the ghosts began wandering about
selecting their victims, whom they led
to the platform and forced to undergo
the process of having their hands washed
and wiped. If any resistance were
offered their faces were washed also.
They were next compelled to sign their

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

49

names with a quill pen in the book of
the Seniors. Some refused and force had
to be applied before their signatures were
affixed. Each one was then sent to her
fate. She was led out to a dark place
and bidden kneel to a ghost, who told
her to repeat the College motto. She
was then taken down some steps, where
she knelt and kissed the soapy fingers
of another ghost. She was led on a little
further and told to kneel and open her
mouth, when a dose of paste was given
her. Then she went on down a winding
stairway and received a mouthful of
salt. Still she was taken on down, down,
down, when she was suddenly seized
and blindfolded and taken to a room
where the sound of running water was
heard. Someone led her up a spring-
board and asked her if she could swim.
Whether she could or not made no dif-
ference, as she was forced to jump, and
landed on the floor instead of in the tank,
as she had expected to do. After these

proceedings she was led away, and some-
thing was thrust into her hand with the
words, " Favour for a Freshie." It
proved to be a little yellow silk bag
filled with salt. Then she was conducted
along a passage and up a winding stair-
case, where the bandage was removed,
and she found herself at the reception-
room door. She went in and joined the
other Freshies, who were busily removing
the paste from their faces.

After everyone had been thus initiated
into the mysteries of the Seniors all were
taken back to the Gym, where those who
had in any way caused inconvenience to
their Seniors by refusing to obey them,
had to pay the penalties. Then the
Seniors served ice-cream. When all had
finished they gave their yells and sang
the College songs and the National An-
them, in which all joined. The Freshies
t hen retired , leaving the Seniors washing
dishes.

E S., T., '15.

THE EDITOR CORN-ERED.

The understrappers of the Magazine Board have spent
many sleepless nights devising some means of hood-
winking the eagle eye of the Editor. .
We express our acknowledgments to the Printer s Devil.

50

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The Teachers Initiation.

Second Version.

HE funny thing about it was
that we thought the in-
itiation was going to take
place the night before it
really did. Rumours had
been flying round all evening, and as it
grew later, we grew more and more
excited. At last, about a dozen of us
decided to congregate in Doris' room.
We all put on our gym. suits so as
to be ready if we were dragged from the
room.

At half-past ten we put out the light
and lay laughing — about six of us piled
on each bed — when we heard a stealthy
tread coming along the corridor. The
door was cautiously opened and we
waited, breathless, for the command:
" Rise and follow me." But it didn't
come. Instead, a voice said: " Does
anyone know where we can get some
water ? We're dying of thirst ! " We
all burst out laughing, but none of us
would volunteer to aid the search-party,
and we succeeded in communicating our
fears to the new-comers to such an
extent that they joined our little band.

Eleven o'clock came and passed, and
still no sign of the seniors. Again we
heard a stealthy tread ! Again we
waited in breathless silence ! This time
it was the night watchman with his
lantern.

At last we determined to break up the
happy party. Three or four of us had
to go up to the next flat, and we screwed
up our courage and prepared to depart.

But just as we were creeping upstairs we
met — the villain in the play, otherwise
known as the night-watchman ! We
turned and fled incontinent, or, in the
words of the immortal Julius — " Prae-
cipites nos fugae mandavimus."

I was afraid to sleep alone, and so were
Lois and Jeanne, so Ethel invited us to
spend the night with her. O, what a
night ! Lois and I slept together, or,
rather, we tried to sleep, but in vain.
In the middle of the night we were
startled out of our seven senses by a most
alarming banging on the door (it turned
out to be the explosion at Coteau), and
we lay shaking and giggling until we
woke the others up. At last, towards
morning, we fell asleep. But, as Lois
would say, it was a " ghastly " night.

After such an experience the real
initiation came as an anti-climax. Be-
fore tea, a notice was posted that there
would be a lecture in the Gym. at 7.15,
and all must attend. Of course we
knew what was coming.

When we were all gathered together,
the Dean came in and began to talk to
us about the war, but he had hardly got
well started when all the lights but one
went out, and an unearthly shrieking
and groaning began. Then someone
began to play the Dead March and in
walked a strange procession.

Twenty-four ghosts appeared and at
their head came three, attired in the
robes of justice and having in their hands
large parchments.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

51

After these three came four ghosts,
bearing ewers of water and towels of
fine linen — at least it is better to say so.

When the three judges had ascended
the platform, the ghosts grouped them-
selves near and called for silence. After
a short interval of pandemonium, a
period of comparative quiet ensued, and
the first of the three read us a pro-
clamation. Then followed the second
with a list of " Don'ts " for Freshies, and
lastly the third unrolled a long parch-
ment, whereupon we were to inscribe
our names.

Then came the trial ! One by one we
were dragged up to the platform, our
hands washed — and in some cases our
faces, too — and we were made to kneel
and sign our names on the scroll.

My turn came towards the last, and
as I was very meek I was let off easily.
Then a very gentle, well-mannered
ghost led me off to the head of the
circular stairs leading from the Gym.
to the swimming tank. There I was told
to kneel and repeat the college motto to
the senior stationed there. She motion-
ed me on to the next, a few steps down,
who made me kiss her hand. After that
I was given a dose of paste and one of

salt. By that time I had reached the
bottom of the stairs, where I was blind-
folded, and pushed into the swimming
room. There I was asked if I could
swim, and upon replying in the negative
I was told there was no time like the
present, and made to walk up a board
and jump off — not into the tank.

I was then taken upstairs to the
reception room, where I found many
other girls in various stages of nervous
collapse. Some of them had paste down
their necks and in their hair, but all held
in their hands a tiny yellow bag, tied
with green ribbon — a favour from a
Senior — which I had not received. I
felt very much neglected, but next day
I gathered up a dozen bags from the
basement floor.

" Last stage of all, that ends this
strange, eventful history "—we were all
taken upstairs to the Gym. again, and
regaled with ice-cream and the stunts of
those who had been " very fresh."
There is still one doubt in my mind and
one question I would like to ask. The
ice-cream was slightly sour — was that
part of the Initiation ?

E. M. B„ T., '15.

The Simple Joys of Childhood.

MACDONALD COLLEGE M A GAZ1NE

Our Initiation.

T was the evening of the
fourteenth. Despite our
natural viridity (found so
refreshing by our worthy
seniors), many of us during
the day has entertained certain dire
premonitions about what might happen
that night. Down in the dining-
room, however, under the warming
influence of tea, all these had been
forgotten, and the clatter of many voices
filled the air, or rather I mean a soft
murmur from voices well modulated
might have been heard around each
table.

Suddenly this was interrupted, and we
found ourselves in semi darkness.
Ghostly figures, voluminously shrouded
in sheets, stalked down the dining-room,
bearing to all in the Junior Science the
summons to appear that night in the
lower hall. Filing out of the room we
were met by the dismal clanging of a bell
and stern voices bade us make haste to
our rooms.

An hour later a group of scantily clad
figures might have been seen huddled to-
gether in the alcove outside the dining

room. After remaining thus for some
time, during which the temperature
seemed suddenly to have dropped to
zero, a door was opened, and one by one,
as our names were read out, we heroically
screwed up our courage and entered.
Our eyes were forthwith tightly band-
aged, and sitting on a board we slid
down into a subterraneous region. Here
the sound of splashing water, accom-
panied by loud wails and shrieks, smote
our ears. A stern voice demanded:
" Can you swim ? " Whether we brave-
ly answered yes or earnestly vowed we
couldn't we were all alike bidden to
jump — and doing so reached in safety
terra firma, six inches below.

Then were we led over a rough
perilous road to where the President
stood in state, and on bended knee we
gave our oath of fealty and allegiance.
Thereupon a portion of a certain in-
gredient, considered by our worthy
seniors to be most beneficial to us in our
present condition ""(sodium chloride I
think they call it in " Nutrition "), was
duly administered to each of us, and we
were led off up to the gymnasium.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

55

Here a very delightful hour was
spent, the seniors very kindly providing
the refreshments, while the Freshies
furnished the entertainment. Cheer-
fully we displayed our talents, whether
vocal, elocutionary or gymnastic, talents
which through modesty we had, up to

efforts of the Freshies seemed to be
greatly appreciated.

Refreshments followed. Then, oh,
how proud and thankful we were that
we belonged to that most noble in-
stitution, the School of Household
Science ! — for the " eats " prepared by

now, refrained from bringing before the our most esteemed seniors thems£*ves

public eye, and many lights hitherto were, of course, incomparable. Science

hidden beneath their bushels appeared yells, and then homeward we trooped,

in their full brilliancy. One of our our spirits in no wise dampened or

members actually showed herself quite depressed by the evening's excitement,
adept in pursuing an apple around the

floor with her nose ! On the whole the A. C. R

54 MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The Short Course Organize.

MEETING of the Autumn
Short Course Science girls
was called on Monday,
September the 28th, for
the election of their officers.

The following were elected : —

President, Miss Edith Hunter.
Secretary, Miss Marjorie Blackader.

THE SHORT COURSE CLAN.

Here we stand a goodly show,

Fifteen maidens in a row,

With minds aleit and faces bright,

All clad in gowns of green and white.

Marjorie Blackader, of the curly hair,
Always thinks twice of what she should
wear,

But nevertheless she's our Secretary
bright,

And can think and work with goodly
might.

Nina Chambers, of stature small,
Comes mincingly along the hall,
And on her face does always play
A smile that's guaranteed to stay.

And who is this that doth dispose
A can of powder on her nose ?
'Tis Marjorie Cook, but what a shame
She does not live up to her name.

Two bonnie lassies from a farm,
You always see them arm in arm,
Hazel Dixon and Marjorie Matcheth,
They're the girls can wield a hatchet.

With glossy braids and accents low
She's the one that's sure to go,
She hies from Westmount, that land of
fame,

And Irene Hazeldon is her name.

And one there is of stature tall,
Head and shoulders above us all,
She is our leader renowned of fame,
And Edith Hunter is her name.

Who is this that's in a muss
From morn till night — and such a fuss ?
Gwena Ibbotson, she's the one
That's always ready for the fun.

Vera Kirby is our saint,
She is a dear, but oh, so quaint,
And round her head a halo shines,
She never would be charged with fines.

There is one, but oh, alas,
They say she prinks before the glass,
But neat and trim she doth appear,
O, Eva Kingman, she's a dear.

Here is one of studious mind,
The like of her you cannot find,
Helena MacDonald knows all that's
done,

And answers questions every one.

Who is this that is the bride,
Who from the town each day doth
stride,

And in her cooking takes a pride ?
— O, Mrs. Mitchell.

Edith Reynolds is our star,
You can hear her from afar,
On the fiddle she doth play,
And all who hear her come to stay.

O, here is one that is the sport,
She plays with zest upon the court,
She dives and swims and dances well,
O, Nora Sherwood, she's a swell.

And next to her amidst the clan

Is Isabel Williamson, she's the man

Who leads the yell,

And when we yell

We yell like well.

So here you have them, one and all,
Dark and fair, short and tall,
A goodly crew from man to man,
Who call themselves " The Short Course
Clan."

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

55

Faculty Items.

Editor— Dr. J. F. Snell

HE end of the academic year
having been passed since
the preceding issue of the
Magazine, the number of
changes in the personnel of
the College Staff to be reported in the
present issue is naturally a considerable
one.

In the resignation of Prof. Klinck, who
left at the beginning of August to take
up the duties of his new position, that of
Dean of the College of Agriculture in the
University of British Columbia, the
Faculty loses one of its ablest and most
highly esteemed members, the student
body one of its most
g i ft e d teachers and
most sympathetic
friends, and the staff
of the Macdonald Col-
lege Magazine its first
Faculty Representa-
tive. Prof. Klinck had
devoted nine years of
earnest and thorough
work to the service of
Macdonald College and to the pro-
motion of scientific agriculture in the
Province of Quebec. He had built up a
strong department — strong in research,
strong in instruction and strong in the
extension of knowledge to the practical
farmer. From every standpoint he will
be greatly missed in the life and work of
Macdonald College. Quebec may well
congratulate British Columbia, and Mc-
Gill its new-born sister university, on the
acquisition of the services of such a
leader in the field of agricultural educa-
tion.

Prof. L. S. Klinck.

The Department of Cereal Husbandry
is under charge of Mr. R. Summerby,
B.S.A., pending the appointment of a
successor to Prof. Klinck.

The Horticulture Department has
also been deprived of the services of a
highly-esteemed instructor by the re-
signation of Mr. F. M. Clement, B.S.A.,
who resigned in the early spring to ac-
cept the position of Superintendent of
the Ontario Experimental Fruit Farm,
at Vineland, Ontario.

Mr. A. H. McLennan, B.S.A. (O.A.C.,
1908), has been appointed lecturer in
Horticulture in succession to Mr. Clem-
ent. Before entering upon his course in
Guelph, Mr. McLennan had had an
experience of ten years in practical
horticulture and since graduation he has
been a member of the Department of
Pomology in the Ontario Agricultural
College. Accordingly, Macdonald Col-
lege acquires in him an instructor of
broad and varied experience.

Dr. J. J. Walker has severed his con-
nection with the College and sold his
practice in Ste. Anne de Bellevue to Dr.
Kelso.

The new College Physician, R. B.
Kelso, M.D., is a graduate of Queen's
University and has served as intern in
the Montreal Western and Montreal
Maternity Hospitals. Dr. Kelso came
originally from Dutton, Ont., which was
also the home of our Mr. A. A. Mac-
millan.

56

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The newly created position of Veterin-
arian has been filled by the appointment
of Alfred Savage, B.S.A., D.V.M. Dr.
Savage was a member of the original
class of Macdonald College, that class
whose slogan was:

11 We were the first,
We are the first,
The first we mean to be. "

— a prophecy which is fulfilled with re-
spect to the position of Veterinarian.
The three years intervening between his
graduation and his return to Macdonald
have been spent in the halls of Cornell
University, to which institution he owes
his new degree.

Miss Torrance is in Stockholm,
Sweden, on leave of absence, taking a
course in Physical Training.

Miss Dorothy Richmond, member of
the Gynmastic Teachers' Institute, is
in charge of the physical training work
in the Women's residence this year.

Mr. John L. Dashwood, B.A., has
been appointed Assistant in English in
the School for Teachers. Mr. Dashwood
received his training in London and holds
his degree from the University of Lon-
don. He has also taken special work in
French at the Sorbonne, Paris, and has
been engaged in the teaching of English
in London and Brighton.

Mr. James A. Starrak has been ap-
pointed Assistant in the Manual Train-
ing Department to take charge of the
work in the School for Teachers. Mr.
Starrak has had several years' experience
in the teaching of Manual Training. He
comes to us from Moncton, N.B.

Miss Bessie M. Philip, the new In-
structor in Household Science, received
her diploma from the Ontario Agri-
cultural College in 1912, and has since

been teaching in the Braemar School,
Vancouver, B.C.

Mr. J. M. Scott, Assistant in Chemis-
try, resigned in March to join the staff
of the Dominion Experimental Farms.
Mr. Scott has since been appointed to
the staff of the Nova Scotia Normal
School.

Mr. N. C. Macfarlane, B.A., who was
appointed Assistant in Chemistry, April
1st, is a graduate of the University of
New Brunswick, and at the time of his
appointment was Principal of the Sup-
erior School of St. Mary's and Gibson.

In the Day School, Mr. Hugh M.
Brownell of Port Elgin, N.B., has been
appointed to succeed Mr. Oliver Craik,
who resigned to enter the University as
a student. Miss Alice V. England,
Model Diploma, 1914, has been appoint-
ed to take charge of Class Elementary
III., and Miss Caroline Kruse has been
appointed to take charge of Elementary
II. for the present year.

The Macdonald College Club held its
first meeting of the present season at the
home of the President, Dr. Lynde, on the
evening of October 1st. Mr. C. F.
Crandall, managing editor of the Mont-
real Star, gave an enlightening address
on the news-getting aspect of war, and
Miss Nancy Curwell favored the club
with two beautiful songs.

The Annual Corn Roast of the
Bachelor's Club was celebrated on
October 13th, when a party of some
thirty assembled at the Teachers' Resi-
dence, resorted to Lighthouse Point,
indulged in a feast of fruit, nuts and corn,
and returned replete in the moonlight.

The annual tournament of the Bowling
Club was held in the month of October.
The " Biology Rink" — Duporte, Fraser
and Lochhead (skip) — won the rink

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

57

trophy by defeating the "Miscellaneous
Rink ' '— Bo ving, Snell and Walker (skip) .
The individual trophy was won by Mr.
A. H. Walker. This is the third con-
secutive year for Mr. Walker as cham-
pion bowler.

The degree of M.Sc. was conferred
upon Mr. E. M. Duporte, B.S.A., and
upon Mr. J. M. Scott, B.A., at the
annual convocation of the faculties of
Arts and Science in April.

Messrs. Jull and Ness attended the
sessions of the Graduate School of
Agriculture in the University of Mis-
souri in July and upon their journey to
Columbia visited a number of the other
Agricultural Colleges of the United
States.

Mile. Bieler spent the summer in
Switzerland,; Miss Reid and Miss Kruse
in Scotland; Miss Fisher in Winnipeg;
Mr. and Mrs. Vanderleck in Nova
Scotia; Dr. and Mrs. Hamilton in New

Brunswick and Prince Edward Island;
Mrs. Brittain in Nova Scotia.

Among the recent publications of the
Macmillan Company, New York, are
"Physics of the Household," by Dr.
Lynde, and "Elementary Household
Chemistry," by Dr. Snell.

Recent births in the College com-
munity are those of a daughter to Mr.
and Mrs. T. Fred. Ward, and a daughter
to Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Edmison.

Mrs. Harrison has returned from her
sojourn at Lake Placid, N.Y., much im-
proved in health.

Dr. A. Grant Lochhead, son of Pro-
fessor Lochhead, received the degree of
Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig
shortly before the outbreak of the war.
He is detained in Germany by the
military authorities and will probably
not be allowed to leave until peace is
restored.

58

MACDONALD COLLEGE

M AGAZI N E

Our Macdonald Heroes.

Hamilton, Ralph Huestis, and C.Wilcox,
each of Class '14. Other students
who have spent one or more years at
Macdonald and who have enlisted, are :
Critchley of Class '13 ; Bert Matthews
and Bailey of Class '16, and Turner and
Maurice Signoret of Class '17. Two of
our College employees have given up
their positions and left for the front.
They are Mr. Smith and Mr. Black, both
of whom were trusted and faithful
workers.

May Heaven watch over them all as
they pass through the hardships and
dangers bound to accompany such a
struggle. May they come back safe and
sound to their homes and loved ones,
and as they come may " The flag that
braved a thousand years the battle and
the breeze " still float proudly at their
head, still unbeaten, still victorious, and
still the " flag of flags."

Note. — It was not possible to obtain
pictures of all our men, but we publish
those it was our good fortune to obtain.

N answer to the call of their
country, in answer to their
sense of right and honour,
in answer to the innate love
of country, liberty and
home, upwards of twelve of our past
students and employees have nobly
sacrificed all their ambitions and chances
of success, and have enlisted in the army
that they may go across the sea to that
great arena of war and fight the enemies
of our freedom and our happiness.

No eulogy of these men is needed to
cause our readers to appreciate the
nobleneSjS of their actions. The situa-
tion is only too plain to us all and when
we see our men leave for the front we
realise what a sacrifice they have made
and the grave dangers they must incur.

Of those who are thus bravely answer-
ing the call to duty, six are Agricultural
graduates of Macdonald. They are :
Rod. Kennedy, a past editor of this
Magazine, and Wm. Dreher, both of
Class '12 ; " Scotty " Lothian and D.
McLintock of Class '13 ; and Dick

Bailey and Matthews.

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

THANKSGIVING AT THE COLLEGE.

Contrary to the general expectation,
the Thanksgiving vacation proved very
enjoyable for the students who remained
at the College. After seeing their friends
off at the station on Friday, they re-
turned to the College in gloomy ex-
pectation of several days of hopeless
boredom. In their mind's eye they
pictured the empty halls where one's
footsteps would re-echo, the silent
corridors, and dark recesses in which
lurked ghostly apparitions, ready to
pounce upon the unwary.

This morbid presentiment was, for-
tunately, soon disproved. On Friday
evening all the students gathered to-
gether in the Women's Gymnasium, and
passed a most enjoyable evening in
playing games. The same programme
was repeated on the following evening.

Saturday turned out to be rainy, and
in consequence, the plans which had been
made for outdoor sports were abandoned.
Through the ingenuity of several of the
students, these were replaced by various
amusements which could be carried on
indoors.

Mrs. Laird and Miss Fisher con-
tributed very materially to the enter-
tainment of the women students by
serving afternoon tea at their homes on
Friday, Saturday and Sunday evenings.

Sunday passed off quietly with morn-
ing and evening services in the Anglican
and Union Churches. Nearly all of us
went lor long rambles into the surround-
ing country in the afternoon, the weather
being perfect.

Thanksgiving day was begun with
outdoor amusements ; tennis on the
Women's Campus, and baseball and
Rugby on the Men's. The Thanks-
giving dinner was served at noon, the
menu consisting of chicken, celery,
potatoes, and pumpkin pie, to all of
which ample justice was done by the
hungry holiday makers. Sports were
continued in the afternoon. When the
" rest " returned in the evening they
were greeted on every hand with ex-
pressions of commiseration and pity for
having been so unfortunate as to miss
the kind of holiday which Macdonald
College always enjoys. R. S., '15.

FRESHMEN INITIATION.

Wednesday, September 30th, is a day
that will always be remembered by most
of the Freshmen. For the two nights
previous to this eventful occasion most
of us had been lying low and had not
ventured out of our rooms very much at
night. However, when Wednesday night
came around, we were all waiting to see
what was to happen to us.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

61

In the early part of the evening small
gangs of husky (?) Sophomores could be
seen prowling around the corridors.
The Initiation itself did not commence
until about 11.30 p.m., and some of us
made use of the time before this by
having a sleep until we were called for.

A loud shout proclaimed that the game
was on, and the initiators hastened to
their victims, and after blindfolding us
with towels, led us down to the gym.
One of the first things to befall us was an
electric shock, which although it was not
very strong, made some of the more
sensitive squirm around a little. We

across the floor, the hands being tied
behind the back ; shining boots ; and
a couple of very good boxing matches.
The bath was the next and last part of
the programme. We were told to walk
across an iron girder that had been
greased in the centre. No one was able
to do it, but as each one reached the
greased part his hands slipped and down
he fell into what was supposed to be ice
cold water, but which was so nice that
many of us did not want to get out.
After that we were allowed to beat it to
our rooms, and we tried, without much
success, to look half human.

were then taken over to a chair and after
sitting down an artist showed his talents
by decorating us with pictures, painted
with shoe polish. Our next seat was the
barber's chair, where a couple of amateur
barbers plied their art. A strip of hair,
the width of a pair of clippers, was taken
off from our foreheads to the backs of
our necks. This strip allows the air to
get in and stimulate the roots, thus pre-
venting baldness. The rules and re-
gulations had to be signed also. A few
side shows helped to amuse the soph-
omores and the rest of the onlookers.
Some of the most important side shows
were : the hot oven ; rolling a piece of fish

The Initiation was all over, and we all
felt that we could now say that we were
real 11 Sons of Macdonald."

A. E. A., '18.

SCIENCE FEAST.

On Friday, September 25th, the
Homemaker girls gave a feast for
Miss McGill and the Senior Science
Girls. At 9.30 the girls began to
gather in the gymnasium, where they
were received by Miss Amy Reid, the
President of the class. When all were
assembled very attractive programmes
in the ever popular colours of green and
gold, were given to all. Six dances,

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

terminated by a " Paul Jones," were
enjoyed and then came the essential
" eats." These were ably served by some
of the " Domestics " from the Home-
maker Class. After a few extras, the
watchman arrived, putting an end to a
very jolly evening.

D. McG.

OPENING CONCERT.

Our introduction to the entertain-
ments of Macdonald College was in the
form of a Concert, given in the Assembly
Hall on the seventh of September. We
were still rather strange in our new
surroundings, and the Concert, coming
as it did after four days of idleness,
helped to make us feel more at home.
This is the first time we had heard the
College organ, and the remarks heard on
all sides were most complimentary.

The programme consisted of an organ
recital by Prof. Stanton, vocal solos
by Miss Rollins and Miss Curwell, and
a recitation by Miss Harris. After the
singing of the College songs the gather-
ing broke up.

As we returned to our rooms several
people were heard to remark that they
hoped there would be many more such
concerts during the year.

UNION CHURCH CONCERT.

A Concert was held in the Union
Church on the sixteenth of October, in
aid of the Children's Memorial Hospital.
The students turned out in full force,
and the hall was crowded. The pro-
gramme was a splendid one, consisting of
selections by the orchestra, several very
entertaining recitations by Mrs.. Mac-
Millan, vocal solos by Miss Rollins and
Mrs. Hortnell, a piano duet by Prof, and
Mrs. Stanton, an exceedingly well ren-
dered recitation by Master Caron, and
a pleasing violin solo by Mr. Casey, of
the Conservatory, accompanied by Miss

Williamson. Perhaps one of the most
striking parts of the programme was
when the orchestra played "It's a Long
Long Way to Tipperary." Immediately
the whole audience took up the strain
and the hall was filled with the sounds
of this popular song. After singing the
National Anthem the audience dispersed,
all except the lucky few who were in-
vited to remain for refreshments, as a
reward for selling tickets.

SUMMER REMINISCENCES.

During the summer, about fifteen
students worked at the College. The
Cereal Husbandry Department had the
greatest number of men working for it;
fully three-quarters of the men were on
that department. Despite the fact that
most of the men worked for Cereal they
showed no ill-will towards the Horticul-
ture Department, and paid numerous
visits to the property of the latter de-
partment, where they made themselves
at home.

During the early part of the season,
before the Teachers and Science left,
there were several games of baseball
against teams from the surrounding
country.

Canoeing and boating were the prin-
cipal pastimes for the students during
the summer, and many enjoyable excur-
sions were made to the different islands
and summer resorts around Ste. Annes.

There were three or four such excur-
sions from different places, as Cookshire
and Lennoxville. The Poultry Associa-
tion also met here this summer. The
students generally made themselves as
useful as possible and told the visitors
as much as they knew about the crops
and methods followed at the College.

The evening before Professor Klinck
left for B.C., the students and men of
the Cereal Department presented him
with a solid silver vase and bread-

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

63

basket. Messrs. Summerby and Boving
expressed the sorrow of the department,
as a whole, at the departure of Mrs. and
Professor Klinck. Ora Hicks then
wished Professor and Mrs. Klinck a
safe journey and happiness on behalf of
the students, while Jimmy Coull did
the same for the men of the department.

Great excitement was evidenced by
,he student labourers when September
)rd approached. Collars and ties began
to appear again, the wearers claiming
that the mornings were getting chilly,
thus necessitating the wearing of somer
thing around their necks, as they were
subject to colds. Prior to that date,
three full-dress rehearsals in the art of
Quick Table Service were carried out
each day. Bi-ill was stage manager
and kept things moving.

Altogether a rather enjoyable summer
was spent at the college, and many of
the students were sorry to drop work and
start lectures again.

,M. M. T. I.

The evening of the 3rd of September
proved quite eventful for the new model
teachers in the Men's Building. About
11.30 the members of that ancient and
honourable society, "The R. A. F.," met
the new men teachers in a very informal
manner. The teachers above mentioned
were ushered into the presence of the
assembled society, where they received
a few well-chosen words of welcome
from an able and eloquent orator. The
meeting then adjourned to the moon-
lit campus, where a very interesting
entertainment was given. The first
item on the programme was a quarter
mile sprint, in which very good time was
made, the judge giving the time as 4-4-
40. Then the elocutionary powers of
the new teachers were tried, and, in some
cases, were found wanting. The next
and most amusing item of the pro-

gramme was " Hitting the High Spots."
Quite an altitude was reached by some
of the teachers before they decided to
descend to the blanket. Boxing and
wrestling concluded a programme which
was hugely enjoyed by spectators on
both sides of the campus.

*This signifies — Model Male Teachers' Initiation.
TEACHERS' LITERARY SOCIETY.

On the sixteenth of October, the
teachers assembled in the gymnasium
to elect the officers foi the Literary
Society from each section. Great was
our indignation to find the lights
in the gymnasium off, but nothing
daunted, we betook ourselves to the hall
and there held a very satisfactory meet-
ing. If we may judge from short
acquaintances, the new staff of officers
is a most efficient one. The officers for
the coming year are as follows : —

President of School for Teachers : —

Miss P. Harwood.
Hon. President, Section A : —

Miss Richmond.
President, Section A : —

Miss R. Echenberg.
Hon. President, Section B : —

Mr. Dashwood.
President, Section B : —

Miss G. Main.
Hon. President, Section C : —

Miss Robins.
President, Section C : —

Miss M. Travers.
Hon. President, Section D : —

Mr. Stanton.
President, Section D : —

Miss N. De Lisle.

Now that the Literary Society is
organized we are already looking forward
to its meetings. Every student should
take an active interest in this society,
firstly, because we are all members and
secondly because everything we learn at

64

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

its meetings will some day be of great
value to us.

The object of the Society is to promote
throughout the College a taste for better
literature. This is an important factor
in the teacher's course, for if the teacher,
when she takes up her work, has poor
taste in books she can do very little for
the betterment of her pupils. Every
moment of the time promises to be very
interesting, and the students should be
only too willing to support the executive
by their attendance at every meeting.

CLASS '15 OFFICERS.

Class '15 have commenced their
Senior year with the following men in
office : —

Honorary President. — Dr. F. C. Harri-
son.

Honorary President. — Professor H.
Barton.

President. — Earl M. Ricker.

Vice-President. — J. Egbert McOuat.

Sec.-Treas. — Homer D. Mitchell.

Committee. — Jack H. McCormick ;
Andrew G. Taylor.

LITERARY SOCIETY.

Honorary President. — Dr. W. D. Mac-
Farlane.

Honorary Vice-President. — Dr. Alf.
Savage.

President. — Jack H. McCormick.
Vice-President. — James H. King.
Sec.-Treas. — George B. Boyce.
Committee. — Lawrence J. Westbrooke;
John Egbert McOuat.

ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION.

Fred. Y. Presley.
E. Grove White.

With these men in the collar, Class '15
hopes to make the Session of 1914-1915
a crowning success.

CLASS '16 LITERARY SOCIETY.

On October 7th the 1916 Literary
Society re-organized and elected the
following officers : —

Hon. President Dr. MacFarlane.

Hon. Vice-Pres. . . Mr. L. C. Raymond.

President L. W. F. Crotheis.

Vice-President C. E. Boulden.

Secretary C. F. Peterson.

Treasurer T. H. Biggar.

Committeeman J. C. Moynan.

Our first debate was held on the
evening of October 15th. The subject
was : Resolved that the city boy of 15
years can develop into a better farmer
than the country boy of the same age.
Messrs. Schafheitlin and Peterson up-
held the affirmative, while the negative
was taken by Messrs. Boulden and
Cochrane. Some very good points were
brought out in favor of both sides. As
no outside critics or judges were present,
the class judged the debate and awarded
the decision in favor of the negative.
The subject of the debate was one which
would concern every agricultural student
either one way or the other. At the end
of the debate, an open discussion took
place, during which nearly every member
present had the floor at least twice.

From now until we graduate we will
be able to appreciate what benefits our
literary society is giving us and the
society should not suffer in any way from
lack of interest. Our society, as well as
the College society, affords us an op-
portunity for outside training. We are
here for something besides class work,
and our associations with each other, as
individuals, will be bettered by active
service in the Literary Society.

CLASS '17 LITERARY SOCIETY.

At a meeting of Class '17, held
on October 6th, the following officers

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

65

were elected for the Class Literary
Society : —

President Thomas Rankin.

Vice-Pres T. G. Hetherington.

Sec.-Treas A. R. Jones.

Committee Men < ^Y' J?' J? a ^"

\E. C. Hatch.

Mr. Wallace, the retiring president, is
taking Science at McGill this year. His
services will be greatly missed by the
Society, but under the leadership of Mr.
Rankin we are looking forward to some
good live debates this term.

OFFICERS OF THE JUNIOR CLASS.

On Friday, Oct. 2nd, Class 7 16 met for
the first time in the present term.
Expressions of sorrow over the loss of so
many of our classmates and of welcome
to the new-comers took up the first
minutes of the meeting, but soon the
worthy president of our Sophomore
year brought the purpose of the meeting
— the election of class officers — before
us, with this result : —

Hon. President. — Prof. Lochead.

Hon. Vive-President. — Mr. R. Sum-
merby.

President. — G. C. Hay.

Vice-President. — J. G. C. Fraser.

Secretary. — J. H. McOuat.

Treasurer. — C. Lyster.

Committman. — W. E. Sutton.
FRESHMEN OFFICERS.

The Freshmen Class, 1918, called
their initial meeting, Oct. 8th, 1914, and
the following officers were elected:
Pres.: W. Brighton.
Vice-Pres.: C. B. Loomis.
Secy. Treas.: H. Carle ton.
ATHLETIC COMMITTEE.

S. F. Filden,
Chas. Wilson.

Y. M. C. A. COMMITTEE.

E. E. Walsh,

P. T. Ashby.
The Freshmen Class of 1918 is one
of the biggest classes that ever entered
Macdonald College.

TALE OF A BOARDING HOUSE.

A prairie chick once lived in state

Upon a lonely farm,
To me she was a comely chick,

And ne'er could do no harm.

Her life of ease from day to day

For weeks went quickly by.
She grew in bulk as fast as clouds

Pass in a summer sky.

But one sad day, like Washington,

The farmer took his axe,
And with his strong right arm

He gave her many mighty whacks.

The stroke had told, she lay a corpse,

The farmer her had slain ;
And taking hold her well-shaped legs

He took her to the train.

She took the train at Winnipeg

And travelled sixty hours,
Then in a market place she hung

Bedecked with paper flowers.

A week went by, a lady came

And bought that still young hen,

She ordered it to be sent home,
And cooked for people ten.

It first appeared on Sunday noon

When everyone partook,
Then Monday night it came, cold meat,

Which quite a few forsook.

On Tuesday morn, three times for luck
It came on, creamed and high,

And lo the following morn, behold
That chicken was a pie.

My tale so sad 1 now must close,
The chick has gone for good :

She died a wreck, as well she might,
And proved unhealthy food.

D.S. C, T., '15.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Y.M.C.A. NOTES.

The first intimation usually received
by new Macdonald students that there
in a Y.M.C.A. at the College, is the
reception, or " At Home," given by the
Association in the men's gymnasium, to
all students at the College and the
various members of the Faculty. This
reception, which is an annual event held
as soon as possible after the School of
Agriculture opens, was held this year on

divorce. It was a striking thing that few
divorces were made. The boys declared
the girls to be a jolly lot. It is said that
first impressions are good ones, and, up
to the present, they have had no reason
to think otherwise. There was a varied
programme, including orchestral selec-
tions and singing of popular songs. The
evening ended by the singing of 11 Tip-
perary," " God Save the King," and
the giving of College yells.

Y-M.C.A. Executive.

October 2nd. Its object is to make the
boys and girls acquainted with each
other, and the one held this year was
apparently a success in this respect.
This result was obtained by means of an
Introduction Committee, a game of
"Find Your Partner," and also by
means of a Matrimonial Bureau, an
organization whose business it was to
make couples acquainted for the evening.
If the couples became dissatisfied with
each other they might return and get a

The Y.M.C.A. plays an important
part in the Men's College life. They
get a chance to hear good outside
speakers talk on subjects of present
interest in the religious and social
worlds, and also, at intervals, some of
the professors give addresses, and thus
get a chance to give the fellows some
advice from their own experiences. The
Association also holds fortnightly " Sing
Song " Services in the Assembly Hall,
on Sunday evenings after church, which

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

67

Y.M.C.A. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

President. — R. E. McKechnie.
Vice-President. — J. H. McOuat.
Sec. Treas. — A. R. Milne.

Committee. — H. H. Walsh. J. G. C.
Fraser. P. H. Ashley. G. B. Walsh.
Musical Leader— X. E. Hyndman.

CLASS '17 OFFICERS.

(Too late for classification.)

Hon. Pres. — Prof. H. Barton

Hon. Vice-Pres. — Mr. G. Emberley.

Pres. — W. R. Cooper.

Vice-Pres. — A. R. Milne.

Sec. — F. J. Longworth.

Treas— H. C. Bailey.

Committee-man. — C. B. Bradford.

are much enjoyed by all. Organ re-
citals, vocal and instrumental solos are
given between the hymns and are much
enjoyed.

The number of men students in re-
sidence is larger than that of any pre-
vious year, and the Executive Com-
mittee are looking forward to a splendid

Cuddle Doon.

By Prof. A. W. Kneeland..

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,
The night is drawing nigh ;
The silver moon the hills aboon
And stars sing, " Cuddle doon."

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,

I hear the bittern cry

From sleeping lake and sedgy brake,

Aye saying, " Cuddle doon."

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,
The tasks have all been done;
On noiseless wing the fairies sing;
So, dearie, cuddle doon.

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,

The sun has gone to lest

On ocean 's breast, in gleaming west,

Now, bairnie, cuddle doon.

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,

With sleepy, tired eyes;

Let angels bright in robes of white

Watch while ye cuddle doon.

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,

God 's hand is over all ;

Or great or small, He hears their call,

So, fearless, cuddle doon.

Cuddle doon, my bairnie,
The night will soon be o'er,
When moon and star in realms afar,
Themselves will cuddle doon.

68

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Under the Desk Lamp

WELCOME TO THE FRESHMEN.

RESHMEN of Class '18, we
welcome you to our midst.
We welcome you to one of
the best institutions of its
kind in the world. We wish
you to share in its joys and its pleasures,
in its duties and in its tasks, and we
wish you to become co-workers with
the senior students and the staff in
forwarding the great work for which
this College was designed and created.

You are perhaps even more fortunate
than some of us in that you have all
your course to look forward to. You
can avoid, if you will, many of the
mistakes which we have made when
Freshmen, those long periods of time
wasted in doing nothing, and leaving our
work for the morrow, that backwardness
in hastening to join the Literary Societies
and taking an active part, or shirking a
duty whenever we were asked under the
plea that we had not the time.

We do not want to preach, for ex-
perience is the best teacher, but we do
wish with the utmost sincerity that you
may guide your course here in such a way
that it will be the most pleasurable and
profitable four years of your early life.

WELCOME TO THE GIRLS.

Of all the themes upon which the
scribbler for a magazine has to dilate,
the writing of a welcome to the girls is at
once the most difficult and the most
pleasurable.

The former because one feels the total
inadequacy of any pen driven by a mere
man to do justice to the charm, grace,
and delightsomeness of the subject ;
the latter because of the sheer joy it gives
one to take one more opportunity of
paying tribute to the fairest of the fair.

We welcome you, the girls of Mac-
donald, because you are girls ; we
welcome you because you are the girls
you are, and we welcome you because —
truth must out — we cannot bring our-
selves to think of life without you.

To some of you, the coming to Mac-
donald is an event in the history of your
young fresh lives ; to some of you, the
coming among us is just an incident.
Come here how you may, we ask you
to join us in doing honour to our Alma
Mater.

Those of you whose object — for the
time being at any rate — is to assimilate
the tenets which shall enable you to
train the children of the province, will

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

69

no doubt find depths undreamt of in
the well of pedagogic lore.

Those of you who have elected to
pursue the gentle art of cooking and
delve into the hidden mysteries of the
science of the household, will find poetry
in the grilling of a stake, will learn the
music of the kettle, and be imbued with
the philosophy of the dietetic study.

You have a wider sphere than all this,
important as it is ; you are called upon
to exercise the restraining influence of
the feminine mind ; you are expected to
take your part in all the larger college
life ; you are looked upon as a part and
parcel of every College society ; you
are in fact, the completion of the College
scheme.

In return, you are to be the sacred
charge of every man who calls himself
a student of the College.

McGILL HONOURS HER FOUNDER.

On the 6th of October there occurred
the one hundred and seventieth anni-
versary of the birth of that noble,
patriotic, and public spirited man, the
founder of old McGill, the Honourable
James McGill, who founded that great
university which bears his name.

McGill takes great pride every year
in remembering their benefactor by
suitable exercises and the giving of the
annual University lecture to the students
of the many faculties.

James McGill was born in Glasgow,
Scotland, on the 6th of October, 1744.
In early youth he came to Canada, where
by dint of hard work he rapidly amassed
a large fortune. He received many
honours from his fellow citizens, and was
Member of Parliament for Lower Canada.

In his will he bequeathed his property
of Burnside, consisting of 46 acres and
$10,000 in money to found a college,
" which should be named and perpetually
known and distinguished by the appella-
tion of McGill College."

To-day we, as a faculty of McGill,
wish to join in honouring the name of
the noble man who did so much to
forward the great cause of education,
and to bring its benefits within the
reach of all those who wish them.

LATENESS OF NUMBER.

For various reasons, this number of
the Magazine is late in reaching its
readers. Some of these reasons are
legitimate, while others are not. Among
the " reasonable " reasons is the fact
that the Ladies' Section of our Editorial
Board was not appointed until well on
in October, and thus some of the material
was naturally kept back which was
needed for this issue. We also had
some printer's troubles, which served
still further to put back the date of
issue.

Most of the printer's troubles arose
from the " unreasonable reasons," for
much of the material that should and
could have been handed on on time was
days behind. Thus the poor printer was
compelled to wait patiently until said
material put in an appearance and filled
up the gaps. Printers are only human,
and the wrath which they call down upon
the Editor for being behind hand is most
picturescjue and lurid. The Editor,
knowing that getting mad, raising ruc-
tions of all descriptions, or blaming it on
the right parties, will not produce the
Magazine any quicker, waits until
" Hank " Hubbard gets through with
his oration and then takes the 5.15 p.m.
for home, fully determined to write a
scathing Editorial on the " Weakness of
Human Nature, or Why are we always
late.

Under the soothing influence of a
College supper, his wrath evaporates
and nothing of note happens, except that
he goes out looking for more late mater-
ial that evening, and tries to look as if
three days' time was to him no more than

70

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

a soldier's life-blood to the Kaiser. But
we must stop for we are wandering. If
You are Guilty, any member of our
illustrious Board, let a word to the wise
be sufficient and next issue Be on Time.

A NEW DEPARTMENT.

In this issue there appears for the
first time a new department entitled,
Macdonald College Extension Work for
Rural Schools. It is the intention of the
College authorities to use this space for
the purpose of reaching the Schools of
this Province with some of the best in-
formation obtainable, with regard to
school work in the general sense of the
word. In addition, the Section will
devote a good deal of space to articles on
Agriculture, calculated to be of interest
and benefit to the teachers and scholars
of our country schools.

A copy is to be put into every school
in the Province by the College, and about
the same space will be used in each of the
four issues of the College year to carry
on this good work. It is a new idea, but
we believe a good one, and the results
will become more pronounced after the
plan has been in operation for some time.

Firstly, it will help to link up Mac-
donald Alumni teachers more closely
with their Alma Mater ; secondly, it
will give the College greater publicity
among the pupils of the Academies and
Model Schools, and cause them to con-
sider Macdonald as a suitable place for
continuing their education. In the third
place, the articles published cannot help
but be of lasting benefit to the schools
in general.

We wish the new venture every
success and will endeavour to do all that
lies in our power to make it such.

THE NEW COVER.

After getting many designs made, and
after many discussions and many wordy
arguments, we have at last succeeded in

obtaining a new cover for our Magazine.
We have done our best, and are now
prepared for the decision of the sub-
scribers to our Magazine. As far as the
design goes, we are very proud of it.
We have been told by persons who
know that it is one of the neatest and
most attractive designs they have seen.
To Miss Thompson, our enthusiastic
Art Teacher, we owe a very heavy debt
of gratitude for designing and sketching
the new design, and we hope she will
accept our most hearty thanks as here
given.

Many other shades of paper can be
used with this design, and any coloured
ink may be used if so desired. We
would be glad to have you tell us what
you think of the paper used in this cover,
or to give your ideas as to any colour
which you think might go better with
such a design.

POPULARITY CONTEST.

The now famous popularity contest
deserves a few words of remembrance
from our humble pen. Although it had
small beginnings, its end was grand and
glorious, Enthusiasm and interest be-
came greater and greater towards the
close, and the collecting of subscriptions
become more intensive. When the re-
sults were made known we found that
we had received over three hundred
dollars in cash and over one hundred
promissory renewals, which are about as
good as cash.

Space forbids of our writing any of the
details of this contest, but we publish
herewith a list of the winners in the
different sections of the contest.

POPULARITY CONTEST PROPER.

Miss Radley, Silver loving cup, en-
graved.

Miss Carlyle, Life subscription to the
Magazine.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

71

Miss O. Tait, Ten year subscription
to the Magazine.

M iss K. Kitchener, Five year sub-
scription to the Magazine.

M iss I. Sutherland, Five year sub-
scription to the Magazine.

FOR SECURING MOST CASH SUBSCRIPTIONS.

H. J. M. Fiske, Agr. '14, Life Sub-
scription.

J. H. McOuat, Agr. '16, Ten years'
subscription.

A. R. Milne, Agr. '17, Five years
subscription.

Miss B. McFarlane, Sc. '14, Five
years subscription.

SCHOOL SECURING MOST SUBSCRIPTIONS.

School of Agriculture, Enlarged Pic-
ture of Students in that School.

EXCHANGES.

We feel bound to confess that we are
altogether too neglectful in the matter
of mentioning and reviewing exchanges.
This is not because they are not re-
ceived nor because they are not ap-
preciated, but because in most instances
we really have not the time to give these
College and other publications a leisurely
perusal and then a short review of the
goodly articles found in their pages.

One thing is noticeable in nearly all of
them, and that is progress. It may only
be a change of cover, a new arrangement
of matter, or some extra good illustra-
tions, but there is enough of it to prove
that College Magazines are, as a whole,

not only holding their own, but still
aspiring to that far off goal — perfection.

Among the recent numbers of such
exchanges which we have received are
the Dalhousie Gazette, The Alumnus,
The Illinois Agriculturist for October,
and which is very well illustrated and
gotten up, The Acta Victoriana, now
boasting a rather simple but attractive
new cover, and the Ottawa University
Review, also in a pretty new cream
coloured cover. One of our best friends,
the 0. A. C. Review, has not yet been
received, but will probably be all the
better when it does arrive.

Apart from College issues, we beg to
acknowledge with thanks many useful
publications, among which is a delight-
ful little booklet, entitled, Just a Sprig of
Mountain Heather. It is published by
the Parks Branch of the Department of
the Interior, and is described as being
" A story of the Heather and Some Facts
about the Mountain Playgrounds of the
Dominion." The Farmer as a Manu-
facturer, forms an interesting bulletin,
being written by A. T. Stuart, B.A., of
the Chemistry Dept., Ottawa. Two
new government publications now reach
us regularly, both of which are fulfilling
a long felt want in many places — we
refer to the Agricultural Gazette and the
Bulletin of Foreign Agricultural Intelli-
gence. We only wish we could print
many of the good articles they contain.

The Advantages of Richer Cream is also
an interesting little pamphlet, well
gotten up and quite instructive.

72

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Mil

O

SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS.

Miss Mabel Biltcliffe, Class '14, is
teaching in the Dufferin School, Mon-
treal.

Miss Grace Hawthorne, Class '14, is
teaching in the Kensington School,
Notre Dame de Grace.

Miss Myrtle Lay, President of Elem.
Class '15, is teaching in a school in
Alberta this year.

Miss Pearl Bowers, Class '14, is
teaching in Sherbrooke.

Misses Laura and Nettie Hyde, both
graduates of Class '14, are teaching at
Shawville.

Miss Elga Le Mesurier, Class '14, is
teaching in the Girls' High School,
Quebec.

Miss Annie Mills, Elem. Class '15, is
teaching in East Angus.

Miss Bertha Pomfret, Class '14, is
teaching in the Riverside School, Mon-
treal.

Miss Sydney Pitman, Elem. Class '15,
is now teaching in Maisonneuve.

Miss Jessie Lindsay, graduate of Class
'14, is teaching in a school in St. Johns,
Que.

Miss Olive Tait, President of Class
'14, is teaching in the Fairmount School,
Montreal.

Miss Elizabeth Mcintosh, Class '14, is
teaching in the Westmount Academy.

Miss Ethel Roy, Class '13, is teaching
in a school near Coaticook.

Miss Ada Wilson is staying at her
home in Danville this year.

Miss Bogie, of Class '13, is principal
of Kingsey Consolidated School, and has
for her assistant Miss Adcock, of Class
'11.

Miss Mabel Bothwell, Class '14, is
ably fulfilling the duties of Principal in
South Durham Model School.

Miss Elsie Elliott, of Class '11, is
teaching in Shawinigan Falls.

Miss Alice Dresser is Principal of the
Model School at Ulverton.

Miss Myrtle Standish, of Class '14, is
teaching in the Peace Centennial School,
Montreal.

Miss Eliza Cowan, Class '10, is teach-
ing in Kensington School, Notre Dame
de Grace.

Miss Gladys Duffy, Elem. Class '15, is
teaching in South Durham Model School.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

73

SCHOOL OF HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE.

Miss Eva MacFarlane, Class '14, has
entered the Toronto General Hospital
to take a three months course in the
Diet School.

M iss Florence Percival, Class '14, is
taking a similar training in the Winnipeg
General Hospital.

Mr. and Mrs. George B. Colby an-
nounce the marriage of their daughter,
Ada May, to Mr. Frederick Steadman
Browne, B.S.A., on Wednesday, Oct. 21,
at Ayer's Cliff, Que.

Miss Lilian de Villiers, Class '14, is at
present visiting friends in England be-
fore returning to her home in South
Africa.

Miss Margaret Andrews, Class '13, has
accepted a position in the Children's
Memorial Hospital, Montreal.

Miss Margaret McNaughton, Class
'13, is assistant Dietitian in the Michael
Reese Hospital, Chicago.

Miss Ethel J. McLaren, Class '12, is
at her home in Buckingham, Que. She
is one of those engaged in the patriotic
work of making clothing for our men
who have gone to the front.

Miss Norma Atkinson, Class '13, is at
her home in Cornwall, Ontario.

Miss Alexina Carlyle, Class '13, is
teaching Household Science in Vermilion,
Alberta.

Miss Margaret Hay, Sc. Class '11, is
staying with her parents at Lachute, Que.

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE.

O. MacLaren, '15, who was taking his
Senior year at Guelph, has enlisted for
active service.

W. Sutton, '15, has returned to join
class '16 ; we congratulate the class on
their acquisition.

J. Spendlove, '15, has also returned to
join class '17.

Creaghn, '15, has joined Science '18 at

McGill.

B. Matthews, '16, went over with the
first Canadian contingent.

H. Bailey, '16, is in the same regiment
as Matthews.

C. E. Chute, '15, is running the farm
during his father's absence in South
America.

J. M. Hacker, '15, has joined Class '16.

R. Creed, '15, is on the seed inspection
work in P.E.I. He will join Class '16
after Xmas.

M. Robinson, '15, has returned home
to North Hatley from the West.

M. P. Sharman, '16, is fattening
" beef " at Martinville.

J. Gaetz, '16, is managing Mr.
McOuat's farm at Lachute.

L. R. Jones, '16, is Horticultural
Assistant to Mr. Clement at Vineland
Station, Ont.

H. Gordon, '16, is fussing in parts
unknown, probably Vancouver, B.C.

O. Le Moine, '16, is taking Law '18 at
McGill. The only other faculties at
McGill open to him are Science and
R.V.C.

Signoret, '17, has been recalled to join
his regiment in France.

F. De Zouche, '17, is training in
Ottawa ; he hopes to go with the 2nd
contingent.

G. W. Wallace, '17, has joined Science
'18 at McGill.

E. Hodgin, '17, would have come back,
but his cousin informs me that his girl
wouldn't let him.

Du Chene, '17' is at home in Quebec.

W. Turner, '17, left Canada with the
1st contingent.

Maskery, '17, is on a farm at Lennox-
ville.

Miss Dooley, '17, is chicken farming
in the West.

A. E. Piddington, '17, is in Montreal.
He hopes to get a commission in the 2nd
contingent.

Tull, '17, is farming in Oxford County,
Virginia, U.S.A.

74

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Macdonald College Agriculture Alumni

Association.

CLASS '11.

Mr. CM. Williams has been appoint-
ed to a position as Horticulturist at the
Experimental Farm at Nappan, N.S.

Mr. R. W. D. Elwell, B.S.A., spent
a short while at Macdonald en route to
England, during the early part of July.

Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Gorham are the
proud possessors of a baby daughter in
the person of Marie Marcelle Gorham.
Marie Marcelle arrived on the scene of
activities at Fredericton, N.B., on June
29th. Congratulations to Mr. and Mrs.
Gorham, and best wishes to the new
arrival.

A. Savage, B.S.A., who has for the last
three years been pursuing studies at
Cornell towards a D.V.M., has succeeded
in having those letters attached to his
name. Alf. has carried off the honors
throughout his course and is now en-
gaged on the Macdonald College staff as
veterinarian and henceforth is known as
Dr. Savage.

Mr. F. S. Grisdale, once recognized as
the " woman hater " of Macdonald
College, has, we understand, taken unto
himself a wife. Mr. and Mrs. Frank are
living at Olds, Alta., where Mamma's
fair haired boy is Instructor in Agronomy
at the Agricultural School. Grisdale
used to be considered of the Kitchener
type, but life in the wild and woolly west
has apparently changed his views to-
wards the feminine race. We extend
our best wishes to the young couple in
their new sphere of activity.

Mr. W. J. Reid has found single life in
P.E.I, too monotonous, and has sought

to rectify matters by getting married.
The event took place on July 29th, when
he took as his better half Miss Georgia
Carruthers, a popular and charming
Charlottetown lass. Mr. and Mrs. Reid
spent their honeymoon in Ontario, and
called on their Macdonald friends in
passing. They will reside at Charlotte-
town, P.E.I.

CLASS '13.

It is with no little pride that we once
more call attention to one who was un-
questionably the best student in class
'13, and probably the best Macdonald
College has yet seen. Mr. E. M.
Duporte, now Assistant in Biology, had
the degree of M.Sc. conferred on him in
the spring of 1914, less than a year after
his B.S.A. His class all join in con-
gratulating him on the obtaining of this
well-deserved distinction.

Up to the present time two of the
members of class '13 have volunteered
and gone to the front. These are D. E.
Lothian and L. D. McClintock. The
former, true to his descent, has gone with
the Toronto Highlanders. To any who
have known " Scotty " and recall his
pluck and bull-dog determination, he
must surely appeal as a good soldier.

Not less fit is old " Mac," the strong
man of class '13, as he has been called.
He gave up a position as Macdonald
College Demonstrator at Cowansville to
enlist with the 9th Artillery Brigade.
We all feel proud of them, and feel sure
that they will do credit to their Alma
Mater and their Country.

In June last, W. D. Ford, B.S.A. ,
received an appointment as Animal

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

75

Husbandry expert for the Province of
New Brunswick. This is a new position
and the Agricultural Department of that
province are to be congratulated on the
selection they made. As the position
is a new one, Ford will have all the work
to plan out, which will, of course, entail
both advantages and disadvantages. At
the present time he is devoting a good
deal of attention to pushing the sheep
business, as he thinks there are great
openings for sheep raising in New
Brunswick.

Still another break in the ranks of the
Bachelors of Class '13 has to be reported;
they are becoming sadly depleted. The
latest deserter to be reported is J. K.
King, Macdonald College Demonstrator
at Shawville. King was always a good
sprinter, but in this event he surprised
even his best friends. He was married
in August to Miss Pearl Heatherington
of Waterloo, also of Macdonald, Teachers
'13. Although we lament the desertion,
we yet wish him all happiness in the
ranks of the permanently attached.

CLASS '14.

Mr. C. F. Coffin is manager of the
" Riverode Farms " at Chagrin Falls,
Ohio. He reports a busy summer.

Mr. P. R. Cowan has been engaged
during the last few months in connec-
tion with the exhibitions put on at
various fairs by the Central Experiment-
al Farms. He has, however, been trans-
ferred to the Division of Botany, where
he is engaged in connection with potato
inspection work.

Mr. F. L. Drayton has received art
appointment as Assistant in Plant Path-
ology and Bacteriology at the Central
Experimental Farm in the Division of
Botany.

Mr. H. J. M. Fiske is manager of the
St. Catharines Cold Storage and For-
warding Company at St. Catharines,
and expects to take post-graduate work
this winter.

Dr. Hamilton has been appointed
Lecturer in Nature Study at Macdonald
College.

Mr. C. H. Hodge has been engaged in
College Demonstration Work during the
summer months. He has, however,
recently been transferred to Macdonald
College, where he is assisting in the
Cereal Husbandry Department.

Mr. R. E. Husk is Macdonald College
Demonstrator for Huntingdon Co.

Mr. J. M. Lecair is a district re-
presentative for Abittibi.

Mr. G. G. Moe has received the
appointment of Chief Assistant in the
Cereal Division at the C. E. Farm,
Ottawa.

Mr. G. W. Muir has been appointed
as assistant in the Animal Husbantry
Division at the C. E. Farm, Ottawa.

Mr. Wm. Newton is assistant Soil and
Crop Instructor for B.C., with head-
quarters at Vancouver, B.C.

Mr. B. T. Reid is assistant Field
Husbandman at the Agricultural School,
Woodstock, N.B.

76

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

VERYONE is eagerly antici-
pating an extremely in-
teresting year for Athletics,
owing chiefly to the large
freshman year, a number of
whom show a decided promise of future
developments, and also to the dawn of
the new Rugby Football team to which,
although not yet completely taken over
by the Athletic Association, we extend
a cordial hand in welcome, and wish them
every success in the future.

After the reorganization of the As-
sociation, they held their First Annual
Meeting on October 5th. The following
are the officers of the Association.

Hon. Pres. — Dr. Harrison.

Hon. Vice-Pres. — Dr. Savage.

Pres. — H. J. Evans.

Vice-Pres. — A. E. Hyndman.

Secretary. — W. Sutton.

Treasurer. — J. G. C. Fraser ; also two
committee-men from each of the four
years,

F. Presley.

G. White.
R. Schafheitlin.
C. E. Bouldin.
S. Skinner.

H. Bailey.
C. A. Wilson.
S. Tildon.

Sr. Year
Jr. Year
Sophomore Year<
Freshman Year

We cannot help admiring the keen
interest shown by both new and old
students this year in Soccer and Rugby,
and there is a decided promise of good
teams in both games, which have so far
been well borne out by their success in
the last games. We hope, or rather may
I say, we feel sure that there is sufficient
scope for both teams to develop satis-
factorily side by side, bringing glory to
the College which we all love so well.

It is somewhat unfortunate that the
season for outdoor games is so short, but
we would like to remind everyone in-
terested of the indoor games to follow,
which are always looked forward to with
the greatest interest.

This year we hope to see a large
attendance at Gymnasium, which is only
fair to Major Sharp, whose untiring
energy has won for him the respect of
every former student. At Mr. Sharp's
suggestion, it was decided to buy a
wrestling mat, which we feel sure will be
made good use of ; in addition to this
he has himself promised to give a course
in swimming, time permitting, and we
hope everyone will take advantage of
this.

In conclusion, we extend a hearty vote
of thanks to the retiring committee, and
especially to Mr. Ricker, whose untiring
energy made last year's athletics an

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

77

unqualified success, and we are assured
that Mr. Evans will do his best to carry
on his predecessor's good work.

FIELD DAY.

That day of days, sa eagerly antici-
pated by every student, where rivalry is
at its highest, and every nerve and
muscle of those contesting is strained to
the utmost to do the best for his year,

closely followed by J. G. C. Fraser, with
a score of 19. H. Evans is to be con-
gratulated on being the only man able
to break a College record, jumping 5 feet
3 ins. in the high jump.

The officials of the track were as
follows : —

Starter. — Prof. Barton.

Timekeepers. —Mr. A. R. Xess ; Mr.
Jull.

Men's Athletic Executive.

was unfortunately spoiled to a consider-
able degree both by the unpropitious
elements and the consequently small
attendance of the ladies. In spite of
these great drawbacks, every one did his
best, and some of the events were very
keenly contested. E. Grove White,
who, on account of his splendid per-
formances, won the Individual Cham-
pionship with a score of 20 points, was

Announcer, — L. C. McOuat.
Scorers.— J. F. Moynan; H. D. Mit-
chell.

The following were the order of events
and their winners.

2 mile. — 1, G. Grove White ; 2, S. Skinner ;
3, McFarlane Time, .

One-Quarter Mile.— I, E. Grove White ; 2,
W. Sutton ; 3, S. Skinner. Time, 57 sec.

100 yards. — 1, C. Fraser ; 2, H. Evans ; 3,
W. Sutton. Time, 10 1-5 sec.

78

MA CDO N A LD

COLLEGE

MA GAZI NE

1 mile. — 1, E. Grove White ; 2, S. Skinner ;
3, ( '.. Matthews. 5 min. 23 sec.

220 yards. — 1, C. Fraser ; 2, \\\ Sutton ;
3, H. Bailey. Time, 24| sec.

Pole Vault. — 1, C. Bradford ; 2, X. Nor-
cross ; 3, C. Ewart. Height, 8 ft. 1 in.

High Jump. — 1, H. Evans ; 2, W. Hay ; 3,
C. Bradford. Height, 5 ft. 3 in.

120 yd. Hurdles. — 1, W. Hay ; 2, C. Hay ;
3, D. Todd. 20 1-5 sec.

1 mile. — 1, E. G. White ; 2, S. Skinner ;
3, G. Matthews. 2 min. 17 1-5 sec.

Shot put— I, H. Bailey ; 2, E. M. Ricker ;
3, H. Evans. 32 ft. 9 in.

Running Broad. — 1, C. Ewart ; 2, C. Fraser;
3, H. Evans. 18 ft. 11 in.

Throwing Base Ball. — 1, W. Sutton ; 2, H.
Bailey ; 3, H. Evans.

Hop, Step and Jump. — 1, H. Evans ; 2, C.
Fraser ; 3, W. Hay. 37 ft. 10 in.

The Presentation of the medals and
cups won on Field Day took place in the
Assembly Hall, at 8 p.m. After the
Chairman's remarks, Dr. Harrison gave
an address keenly appreciated by all,
especially those interested in athletics,
and then Miss McMillan, assisted by Mr.
Jull, presented the prizes. The pro-
gram, which was supplemented by an
organ and a vocal solo by Mr. Stanton,
came to an end after the singing of the
College songs and the National Anthem,
and we then realized that Sports Day
was over for another year.

The Senior year, thanks to E. Grove
White and H. Evans, won the day with
a total of 39 points. The Juniors came
second with 35 points, the Sophomores
a close third with 34 points, and the
Freshmen last with 7 points.

The Cup for the Relay team fell to
the Juniors.

SOCCER.

Association Football has met with
considerable success this year from all
those interested, and we hope the team
will continue as well as it has begun.
The first match, played on Oct. 19th,
against the College Farm, resulted in a
win for the College by 2 goals to none.

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

The second match, played on Saturday,
24th Oct., against Presbyterian College,
McGill, resulted also in a victory for the
home team of 2 goals to none. The play
was fast and good, excellent team work
and combination being shown by the
men, especially those in the forward line.
The following was the line-up for the
College team : — D. Todd, goal ; H. B.
Roy and H. C. Bailey, full backs ; G.
Boving, G. Hay, and Grang, half-backs ;
G. Matthews, C. Bradford, Viane, L.
Skinner, and W. Williamson, forwards.

We hope that the interest exhibited
will continue and help the team to keep
up the good reputation which it has
earned.

FOOTBALL.

Although this is the first year of
Rugby Football at Macdonald College,
the first two games show that the out-
look for the future is favourable.

The first game was played on McGill
Campus on Oct. 17th. The rain of that
morning and the day before made the
field a sea of mud in which the players
could do nothing but slide around.
Good football was impossible. McGill,
with their heavier team and greater
experience, had easily the better of the
play. They depended mainly on bucks
through the line, with occasional end
runs in which all the bucks took part.
For McGill, Hall shone at half-back,
while for Macdonald, Carlton's two long

runs through the McGill team were
easily the feature. The final score of
26-0 was not by any means a fair
criterion of the game.

On the 24th, St. Lambert played at
the College. The field and day were
perfect for football, the dry sod being
ideal for our light back division. St.
Lambert was considerably heavier, but
not as fast. Straight football was used
chiefly, with some buck play on Mac-
donald's part, which always gained
ground. St. Lambert scored first. A
rouge on Carlton. College soon drew
ahead on fake back, Tilden carrying
the ball around the end and through St.
Lambert backs for a try. The half
ended with a score of 5-2 in Mac-
donald's favor. The second half played
continued in much the same manner.
St. Lambert, however, seemed to have
the upper hand, due to rather question-
able decisions of the referee, a St.
Lambert man. However, we must be
prepared for such things. St. Lambert
made a try which was not converted and
2 rouges in the half a total of 7 points
for the half. College made 6 points on a
try by Tilden, which was converted. The
game ended 11-9 in favor of Macdonald.

The runs by Evans and Carlton
through the St. Lambert team for big
gains and the generalship of Tilden at
quarter were the outstanding features
of the game.

What Do You Think?

First you sing a song or two

And then you have a chat,

And then you eat some chocolate fudge,

And then you take your hat

And take her hand, and say " Good

night "
As nicely as you can.
Now isn't that an awful night
For a great big healthy man ?

— De Omnibus Rebus.

MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

81

Girls Athletics.

HE first meeting of the Ath-
letic Association was held
on the evening of Sept. 15th.
Miss Pearle Leet, as pre-
sident, took the meeting,,
and the officers for the coming year were
elected with the following results : —

Hon. President. — Miss Richmond.

Hon. Vice-President. — Miss Roberts.

President. — Miss P. Leet.

Vice-President. — Miss G. Cornell.

Secretary. — Miss A. Reid.

Treasurer. — Miss Erne Robinson.

Representative of Model Class. — Miss
Lulian Robinson.

Representative of Elementary Class. —
Miss M. Baker.

Representative of Junior Science. —
Miss J. Hodge.

Representative of Senior Science. —
Miss M. Cowling.

Basket Ball Manager. — Miss M.
Craven.

Baseball Manager. — Miss M. Harris.

We consider ourselves very fortunate
in having Miss D. Richmond for our new
physical training instructor this year.

Miss Richmond is a member of the
British College of Physical Education,
and of the Gymnastic Teachers' In-
stitute, England. She came to Canada
last spring.

Miss Roberts is again coaching us in
all sports this year, and in view of this
fact we expect to produce some good
teams.

The League Basket Ball games will
not be played until after Christmas, but
we intend to have games between the
Sections, which will be started as soon
as possible.

TENNIS.

A tournament was to have been played
with R. V. C. on Saturday, Oct. 17th,
but owing to the weather it had to be
postponed. However, it was held on
Saturday, Oct. 24th, with the following
girls representing Macdonald : —

In Doubles. — Miss L. Johnston, Miss
I. Hazeldon ; Miss M. Thompson, Miss
N. Sherwood.

In Singles. — Miss M. Cook ; Miss A.
Reid ; Miss J. Hodge.

The players were very enthusiastic,
and the interest of the spectators was
held throughout the games.

Although there was exceedingly good
play on both sides, R. V. C. proved
successful by winning both doubles and
one single.

The other two singles were won by
(1) Miss A Reid ; (2) Miss J. Hodge.

Miss Cook played a very fine game
also, and her score was very close.

Mr. Dupres and Mr. Dashwood very
kindly umpired the game. We would
like also to thank the gentlemen students
Messrs. Presley, Ricker, and others, who
gave their assistance in marking and
preparing the court.

After the match, tea was served in the
Reception Room.

G. M. C.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

311 LIGHTER VEI1X

FROM THE DINING-ROOM.

The training table will disband and
mix up again. The movement originat-
ed with Evans, and who'd have " thunk"
it.

o o o

Some people define the dining-room
as a place wholly for the assimilation of
food. A little conversation from some
is not out of order.

o o o

If you do not wish to be put down as a
grouch, keep up a continual chatter at
the table, otherwise. you will be labelled
a " bore."

o o o

The dining-room has become a pop-
ular place for feminine posers. Tan-
talizing eyes, dimples, etc., lose their
color in such a place.

o o o

The designer of the semi-veil had his

reasons. Ask Miss " J son."

o o o

Mr. MacClellan : " What would you
call a good market garden soil ? "
Grove White : " Gravel, sir."
o o o

Mr. Ness (to freshman) : " Mr. Mac-
Millan has prepared a feeding pen for
you in the piggery." Exit freshman.

GOSSIP FROM ACROSS THE CAMPUS.

Hyndman has been true to one girl
for two years.

o o o

Ricker acts very unbecomingly for an
engaged man.

o o o

Westbrook is the man with the blue
eyes, wavy hair, and fascinating limp,
o o o

Prof. : " What peculiar religion did
Kingsley adhere to ? "

Voice (from the back of the room) :
" Holy Rollers."

o o o

Found in a little boy's diary, who had
been evidently reading the war news :
" After executing a turning movement,
mother poured hot fire on my un-
protected flank."

o o o

Maiden (sentimentally) : " May I
take your tie-pin ? "

Hard-hearted youth : " No, but you
may take the mud off my collar."

o o o

Math. Prof. : " How do you make
V- equal X. ? "

Sporty Stud. : " If I only knew I
wouldn't be broke so often."

MA CDONALD

COLLEGE

MA GA Z I NE

83

EVERYTHING AS IT SHOULD BE.

It was study hour. They were sitting
quietly in their room — as they should.
Suddenly from the room across the hall
there arose a piercing shriek and the
girls ran to the rescue — as they should.
And what was the cause of the com-
motion? Only a tiny grey mouse seek-

lessons — as they should. All was quiet
once again when another piercing shriek
broke the stillness. This time they fell
over themselves in their haste to go to
the rescue. But what a surprise they
received. The girl had been cleaning
out her cupboard — as she should — and
to her overwrought imagination hei

Here comes darling Bill— I can tell his footsteps anywhere."

ing food— as it should. Then they
searched for that poor harmless creature
—as they should. One girl stood up on
the table while the other poked under
the bed with an umbrella. After a
great deal of furniture-moving that poor
little animal disappeared down the air
shaft, and the girls returned to their

rubber had appeared to be a mouse.
Next evening she set a trap — as she
should.

o o o

Science : " Do you believe in
dreams ? "

Aggie (frankly) : " I did until I met
you."

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MA CDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

LATEST VERSION.

In the world's broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of life,
Show me any big tom-cat '11

Leave the fence to side-step strife.

o o o

It is noted in a book on birds that the
head of a woodpecker is equipped with a
shock absorber so that the brain is not
affected by constant pounding. For
various reasons, too numerous to men-
tion, however, perpetual human knockers
do not need a similar equipment.

Sophomore, desiring criticism from one
of the fair sex : " How do you like my
new tie ? "

Fair one : " Sorry, but I've not got
past your face yet."

o o o

First girl : " What kind of a fellow
is he ? "

Second girl : " Oh ! he's the kind of
a fellow who goes out for a walk with
you, and then tells you how democratic
he is ; not afraid of being seen with
anybody."

In Trouble, or the Joke Editor on the Job.

Model (passing Tommies in the com-
pany of a Sophomore) : Don't that hot
chocolate smell great ? "

Soph, (broke) : " You bet, let's

stand here for a while and smell it."

o o o

There is a young maiden from Guelph
Who boosts her home town by herself,

She is counting the days

In all manner of ways,
Until she returns to that shelf.

HEATED DISCUSSION.

Elsie : "I ought to be able to pro-
nounce Armada properly, my great-
grandfather fought in it."

Blacky : " That's nothing, my great-
grandfather was Drake."

Elsie : " Pooh ! — My great-grand-
mother was Queen Elizabeth."

Blacky : " Oh ! So Bess was married
after all, eh ? "

MA CDO N A LD C01
SHE WAS NOT TO BLAME.

Mrs. A. : " So your son is home from
College ? "

Mrs. H. : " Yes, and he has the
strangest ideas ! He says he's descended
from a monkey, but I'm sure I don't see
how that can be — unless, of course, it's
on his father's side."

o o o
SOUND ADVICE.

Freshie : " Say, I'd like to ask you a
question in etiquette."

Senior : " Blaze away."

Freshie : " Suppose I take a young
lady to the theatre, and afterwards to
supper, and then take her home in a
carriage, should I kiss her good-night ? "

Senior : " No, you have done quite
enough for her already."

LEGE MAGAZINE 85
JUST IMAGINE

Marion Ross without her " Little
Willie."

Pearl with her " Freshman Cousin."

Sadler without his lysol.

The same gentleman losing a chance
to throw the !

Boyce without his trousers creased.

Marjorie Harris without a secret.

Evans not smoking.

The said party ever buying the smokes.

MacKechnie not talking about the
women.

MACDONALD

COLLEGE

MA GA Z I NE

87

Farm Losses and their Prevention,

By F. C. Nunnick, of the Conservation Commission.

OSS on the farm may fre-
quently be traceable to
various sources. In the
newer parts of this country,
where pioneer conditions
obtain, some waste is practically in-
evitable, but under old and settled
conditions waste is no longer inevitable
and most of the losses are preventable.
The secret of success in many a big
business lies in the utilization of valu-

This does not mean that the farmer
should give so much time to minor things
as to become a mere tinker. The pork-
packer utilizing "everything except the
squeal" keeps alw avs in mind the im-
portance of pork. The farmer in saving
wherever possible must ever keep in
mind the importance of the larger
things in farming.

To even mention all the preventable
losses on the farm would far exceed my

Manure piled so that run-off from barn carries away many dollars worth of Fertility.

able by-products and the stopping of
every little leak. Loss is too often
caused by the lack of a profitable and
convenient market. One day this mar-
ket question will receive more attention
and the towns and cities will join up
with the farmer, for loss on the farm
means loss in the city. In the mean-
time the wide awake farmer will study
his own individual problems in an
endeavor to stop every leak possible.

space, so we will consider only a few
of those commonly met with on many
farms in the older parts of Canada.

No Systematic Rotation.

The first loss which we shall mention
is that caused by the farmers not prac-
tising a systematic rotation of crops.
Recent investigations by the Commission
of Conservation have show T n that less
than 20 per cent, of the farmers visited

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

by the Commission's representatives
in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces
are following an intelligent and system-
atic rotation. The area in hoe crop
is too small, and the hay and pasture
fields are left down in sod for from six
to ten years, or until the ground is
green and mossy, with the result that
very small yields are obtained. These
fields must be broken oftener if they are
to produce profitably. Just about 50
per cent, of the grain sown is seeded to
clover while it ought all to be seeded
each year for either hay or to build up

Quebec conditions are nearly as bad.
The manure is piled under the eaves;
the liquid manure is allowed to run
away and be lost, in some cases the farmer
being guilty even of boring holes in
the stable floor to let it away; the piles
are made too high, with the result that
heating takes place and valuable nitro-
gen is lost; and in other ways many
dollars' worth of plant food are lost
annually.

The liquid manure should all be saved.
Straw, chaff, coarse manure or some
other absorbent should be used to pre-

Two Men and one Ox doing two or three acres a day. An Over-Manned Outfit.

the soil, and more pounds of seed to the
acre sown to insure a good stand. Re-
sults on the Commission's Illustration
Farms have conclusively proven this
point. Shorter rotations, including more
hoe crops and legumes, will increase
production, clean the farm and make it
more fertile.

Manure.

Neglecting to care for the farm manure
is another cause of much loss. In On-
tario 186 farmers out of 200 visited exer-
cise no care to prevent waste and in

vent its loss. The horse manure and
cow manure should be mixed and piled
flat if it must be stored. Perhaps the
best plan of all is to draw it out to the
field as made and spread or put in small
piles eight or ten yards apart each way
convenient for spreading. This can be
done provided the land is not so hilly
as to cause the manure to be carried away
by rain or melting snow. By applying
in this way we are certain of preventing
loss from heating. In applying the
manure there will be less loss if it is

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

89

applied more thinly but over a larger
area than is generally the case. The
plants on ten acres are able to get more
back from 100 tons spread over the whole
field than the plants on half the field
if the 100 tons were put on only the one
half.

Weeds.

Numerous experiments have been tried
to ascertain the effect of weeds on crops.
Where weeds are allowed to grow the
crop is choked or stunted ; and where the
weeds are cut, and even no cultivating

of clean grain; using only first quality
of clover and grass seed; practising a
systematic short rotation; and prevent-
ing weeds going to seed in waste places
will do much to overcome the loss
from this source.

Poor Seed.

Only 19 farmers out of 1000 visited
in Canada last year were found to be
following a systematic selection of seed
grain. In one group of 50 farmers, 19
varieties of oats were being grown.

One Man and two Horses doing good work, and much more of it than two Man Outfit

with poor Implements.

done, the crop yield is decidedly larger
than where weeds are allowed to mingle.
They not only use moisture and fer-
tility which the crop should receive,
but, according to investigations con-
ducted at Cornell University, they have
a deleterious effect upon crops in that
they poison the plants by the interming-
ling of their roots. It is a case of in-
compatibility of association. It also
costs more to cut and bind and thresh
a weedy crop of grain. Good prepara-
tion of the soil ; selecting and sowing

Xow, some of these men were growing
varieties that were far from the one
most suitable for that locality. They
seemed to have the millinery habit,
each wanted something different, and
they would get it without knowing its
suitability to local conditions. Many
farmers are sowing five bushels of oats
per acre where they would do better
to clean out a bushel or two of the poor
seed for feed and give the best seeds a
chance. In many tests on the Illus-
tration Farms of the Commission it

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

has been clearly demonstrated that it
pays to sow good seed. In the case of
clover, the crops grown from home grown
seed have proved in nearly every instance
to be superior to those from purchased
seed. Too many farmers in Eastern
Canada buy their seed grain, clover and
grass seed . Thi s is not necessary .
Providing a suitable variety is being
grown, the best part of the best field,
which is fully and evenly matured,
should be kept for seed and then cleaned
until all the weed seeds and light or
shrunken grain have been removed. In

tion. The writer has seen in Quebec
and elsewhere field after field poorly
ploughed, scratched over once or twice
with the harrow and then sown to grain
and seeded down. The result of such
insufficient cultivation is that ridges
are left where every furrow is turned
which are plainly visible and over which
the farmer jolts when cutting his crops
until the field is ploughed again, which,
unfortunately, in many instances, is
not until ten years later. The small seeds
cannot do their best under such con-
ditions. They will not all be covered

This well is not conveniently situated. The woman has to walk a distance greater than from
Montreal to Ottawa in carrying the water each year.

many districts, where the farmers think
clover and grass seed cannot be grown,
it has been proven that these seeds can
be successfully grown. They are often
found growing to perfection in fence
corners and along roadsides, which
goes to show that with care they will
grow in the fields.

Poor Cultivation.

Poor ploughing and careless culti-
vation, or lack of It afterwards, are so
lamentably common that we scarcely
know how to begin to discuss this ques-

and consequently there is poor germi-
nation. Then, the young plant cannot
send its root hairs, by which it feeds,
through solid particles themselves, they
must go between the soil grains. The
more the soil is pulverized , the more open-
ings between grains, and, consequently,
the greater room for root growth.
Poorly tilled soil gives plants limited feed-
ing ground, retards beneficial chemical
changes and causes soil to dry out in
dry weather, all of which mean loss
in crop yield. More and better tillage
mixes the humus and eliminates the

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

91

undesirable air spaces under the furrow,
increases the feeding ground of the
plants, hastens beneficial chemical action
and conserves moisture, which mean
increased crop yields.

There are many other serious but
preventable losses which we cannot here
take time to discuss. Some of these
are caused by insect pests and plant
diseases, neglect of farm machinery,
lack of conveniences around the farm
buildings, use of narrow and unsuitable
implements, and the general lack of
management in conducting the farm
enterprise. Farm management means
applying business methods to farming.
The farm enterprise must be organized
for the purpose of securing the greatest

continuous profits. It is not enough
to raise good crops or to secure a large
animal production; these must be pro-
duced economically. This is accom-
plished only when capital and labour are
so adjusted to existing conditions that
maximum yields are obtained at the
lowest cost. Every department must
be well organized and must be co-
ordinated with the others. Labour
must be fully employed, capital must be
properly utilized, both quantity and
quality of products must be secured, and
the products must be wisely marketed.

The more the farmer thinks and the
more his brawn is intelligently directed
by his brain, the greater will be the
resultant satisfaction and success.

A Perilous Position.

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

A Trip to the Pacific Coast.

|HE trip to and from the
Pacific Coast is full of
variety and gives one an
idea of the immense country
in which we live. The
advantages of the railroad over the old
waggon can be seen in taking a trip
like this when we consider that in the
old days it took about a month, whereas
at present the fastest train out of
Chicago makes the journey in sixty-
eight hours.

The route to Denver lay through a
country very much like that which one
sees in going to Ottawa, with the ex-
ception that there are not so many trees.
After leaving Denver we travelled over
the Rocky Mountains, through the
Royal Gorge. The country through
this stretch of the journey, until we got
to the other side of this range, which
is the main range of the Rockies, is
rugged, with steep precipices rising
directly from the railroad on one side
and the Colorado River rushing by
on the other. On the level plain into
which the valley opens is one luxuriant
growth of peach, pear and apple or-
chards, which were very far advanced
in growth as compared with the trees
in the Ste. Anne's district. On passing
into Utah, the country was not so
attractive, until we came near Salt Lake
City. The country about the city,
which was once a vast desert, is now a
flowering garden, owing to the efforts
of the Mormons. In the city is situated
the Mormon temple, in the building
of which, it is said, no iron was used,
leather thongs being used to join the
beams together.

Between Salt Lake and California
are the Sierra Nevada Mountains, which
are bleak and uninteresting. The first
glimpse of California was obtained
while going down the Feather River
Canyon, where the vegetation is much
more luxuriant than on the Eastern
side of the mountains. This canyon
opens out into the Sacramento Valley,
which is one of the most fertile valleys
of the State. The capital of California,
Sacramento, which is situated on the
river of the same name, has a semi-
tropical appearance, oleanders, magno-
lias, olives, palms and orange trees
being planted along the residential
streets and around the Capital buildings.
From Sacramento to Bernicia the rail-
road goes over the rich delta lands of
the Sacramento River, this land being
used principally for growing vegetable
crops near the river, while fruit of all
kinds is grown further away on the foot-
hills. At Bernicia, the train is put on
a ferry boat, which is the largest in the
world, to cross the Sacramento River.
From here to San Francisco the train
skirts along the side of the famous
land-locked harbor of San Francisco
to Oakland, at which place we left the
train and proceeded by ferry to San Fran-
cisco.

The modern city of San Francisco
has been rebuilt since the fire in 1906,
so that many fine stone buildings have
given place to the old wooden ones.
One of the chief points of interest in
the city is Chinatown, where one can see
oriental life as it exists in China. The
Golden Gate Park, which lies between
the city and the Pacific Ocean, although

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

93

not a natural park, has been laid out
with exquisite taste and is the beauty
spot of San Francisco.

There are many little valleys running
inland from San Francisco Bay in all
directions. One of the prettiest of
these is Napa Valley, which used to be
a famous wine-growing section, but,
unfortunately, the grape vines were
mostly killed, about fifteen years ago,
by phylloxera, and the land has never
been replanted to fruit except in those
sections which are suitable to prune
growing, for which the valley has now
become famous.

From Xapa we went to Los Angeles,
through the San Joaquin Valley. This
valley is famous for its table grapes
and raisins, this being the only part of
the United States where they are grown
commercially; besides oil, which sup-
plies the fuel for all the factories in the
State. Los Angeles is remarkable for
the number of beautiful homes in its
vicinity, their beautiful surroundings
being due to the very fine climate, to
which winter is almost unknown.

Our return to San Francisco was by
way of the Coast-line which is known as
the "Road of the Thousand Wonders,"
with its old Spanish Missions, beautiful
beaches, and groves of the famous red
wood trees. Leaving San Francisco
and retracing our steps over the Sacra-
mento line we branched off in a northerly
direction, travelling over the Shasta
route to Seattle. The wonderful cli-
mate of this valley can be judged from
the fact that the same crops can be
grown as at San Diego, six hundred
and fifty miles to the south. Near the
Northern boundary of the State is
Mount Shasta, with its sulphur springs.
Here the train stops to allow tourists
to drink from its waters and to see the
magnificent waterfalls which produce a
beautiful effect because of their being lit

with differently colored electric globes.
We next passed through the States of
Oregon and Washington, where the
trees are much more luxuriant than in
California, on account of the greater
rainfall, to Seattle, which is the most
important town in Washington and one
of the most progressive towns on the
Pacific Coast. From this thriving city
the boat sails up Puget Sound, between
fir-clad islands, all of which help to
make the journey to V ancouver so en-
joyable. An idea of the size of the firs
in this district may be gained from the
fact that the flag pole in front of the
court house at Vancouver is about 200
ft. high, and was obtained from one of
these trees.

Just before entering the inner harbor,
one sees on the extreme right Point Gray,
where the new University of British
Columbia is to be built, and nearer, on
the right, is Stanley Park, which is, I
think, without exception, the finest city
park in the world.

The last part of the journey was over
the world-famous C. P. R. Kicking
Horse Pass route, along which snowy
peaks, glaciers, rugged precipices, foam-
ing torrents, canyons and lakes, set like
gems in pine-clad mountains, pass in
quick succession during the trip to the
eastern side of the mountains. Near
the summit is one of the greatest
engineering feats of the century. To
reduce the grade, two immense spiral
tunnels have been driven through solid
rock. At the summit, or "The Great
Divide," there is a stream which splits
into two parts, one flowing to the Pacific
and the other to the Atlantic. Just
past this point is Laggan, which I
cannot describe better than by quoting
an extract from the Chicago Evening
Post: — "If one stops nowhere else in
the Canadian Rockies, one must stop
here, for there, hidden off behind the

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

mountains, is Lake Louise. Such glory
of light and color, such sparkling mirror
water, such magnificence of evergreen
mountains, rocky steeps, snow, ice and
clouds may exist in other variations
but nowhere in the world can they be
surpassed. Lake Louise is the gem for
which the Canadian Rockies are the
setting. "

The run down the eastern slope is
altogether different to that of the west-

ern, there not being so many trees, as
a result of which the country is a pleas-
ant change after the mountain journey,
but when one gets four days of this flat
treeless country it is good to get back
once more to Montreal.

The trip across the Canadian Rockies
is an experience which will not soon be
forgotten and a trip that cannot be
equalled by any of the American
railroads. T. Rankin, '17.

XThe fl>atttn$ lj)ear

Sty? parting nrntra nn it}? mnrrmn, mg frirnb,
Knb tl}t bag ia turn* tnn fair;
Sni a wagwarb ttjnnglft anb a fngitin? hnpr
^Ijall jnin in mg owning pragrr.

®It? parting rnmra nn tlj? mnrrmn, fri?ni>,
Jffnr iff? imga Ijaw rnn tfjrir Intgtlj;
Snt a mrmnrg aiira % pnla? nf tint?
Kxib mt aljall fnbg? ita atrrngtlj.

Uty? ligljt nf mrmnrg littk r?rka

Nnt finii? in ita vim,

®Ij? lrngtt}?n?i> patl}— % imrkrnri* wag—

'Gfaiaa clb mlftn ttj? movlb waa mm.

part, nib frirniL Anntt}?r g?ar
Sr?aka n>r nnr aljattmi* tin?,
Gtyg fnbit br^atlj ia waning nrnn,
Aiton, olb ftxmb nf min?.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

95

Agriculture in Argenteuil County.

X the last issue of the Mag-
azine we were favoured
with an article on pro-
gressive agriculture in Sher-
brooke County. This sug-
gested the idea that it would only be
fair to pay a little attention to some of
the other counties in the province.

Last summer I had the opportunity
of seeing a large part of the province,

certain extent they have a right to this
opinion. However, we have several
districts in the province that are forging
ahead very rapidly, and through time
there is no doubt but what Quebec will
stand in such a position that we may
compare her with any other province
without having to blush at the result.
The Magazine Board has intimated its
intention of running several articles in

J. A. Arnold's Horses— First, Second and Third at Montreal Horse Show,

and I was able to make comparisons
of the different counties; also to draw
some conclusions as regards agricultural
conditions. Many people, especially
those from Ontario, have an opinion that
Quebec is a back number when it comes
to good farming, and perhaps to a

different issues on some of the countie-
in the province, in order to familiarize
their readers with what is being done
along agricultural lines in the various
parts of the province.

In this issue I will attempt to give
some idea of what is being done in

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MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Argenteuil County. I have chosen this
county to write about, firstly, because I
am better acquainted with it and,
secondly, because it has no District
Demonstrator, like several of the other
counties, to inform us as to what is
going on.

Argenteuil is an old county situated on
the north shore of the Ottawa, with its
centre about forty-five miles from Mont-
real. Through the northern portion of
the county run the famous old Lauren-
tian Mountains, and scattered all through
this region may be found many beauti-
ful lakes, among the most important
of these being St. Agathe, which has
become famous as a resort for invalids;
Sixteen Island Lake, Lake Louisa, Lake
Sir John, and many others. For the
past few years these lakes have been
quite popular as summer resorts, and
their shores are dotted with cottages
which are occupied by city people during
the hot summer months. This part of
the county is very rough, and has been
purely a lumbering district. Many are
the stories told of the roughness of the
inhabitants, the family feuds and war-
like tribes which used to exist in this
northern country. Times have changed,
however, and these stories are now only
history.

Lachute is the central town of the
county. The farming land extends from
here south to the Ottawa River and west
to the county line. Most of this area
is exceedingly good farming land, and
being within reasonable range of Mont-
real, is essentially a dairying district.
One can readily appreciate this if he is
at the stations in the morning when the
milk train goes through. A special milk
car is left at Lachute every night, and
this car leaves for Montreal the next
morning with about 2,500 gallons of
milk. Further down the line is Wilson's

Station, a small stopping place pro-
vided by the C.P.R. for the sole reason
of tapping another large dairy section ;
here, too, large numbers of cans are
loaded every morning. At St. Hermas,
a station just about the line between
Argenteuil and Two Mountains counties,
another special car for milk is provided,
and the greater portion of this car is
filled with milk from Argenteuil.

Seven or eight years ago, the number
of silos in the county was extremely
small — in fact, you could count them on
the fingers of one hand, but to-day the
first thing a stranger will notice when
driving through the country is the
number of silos. They are scattered
all over the country, and in the best
farming districts nearly every farmer
has one, while some of them have two.
This itself speaks for a certain amount of
advancement. The farmers have real-
ized the importance of corn silage in the
economical production of milk for city
trade, and if there is one thing they pay
special attention to it is the corn crop.
The land seems to be admirably suited
to the growing of corn, and in some
sections great rivalry has existed as to
who will win the prize in the corn crop
competition. So far, most of the corn
has been planted with the grain drill.
Since, however, the winners in the com-
petitions have grown theirs in the check-
row system, which is, without a doubt,
the best, through time the majority
of the farmers will appreciate this and
abandon the grain drill for the corn
planter.

Roots are not grown to any extent;
not that the land is not suited to it, but
there is an impression abroad that roots
entail an extra amount of labor. Clover
also has not been grown very extensive-
ly ; however, with the advent of corn
we find also more clover being grown.

MACDONALD COLLEGE MAGAZINE

Several farms are doing very well in this
respect, and have produced clover seed
for several years.

The new Canadian Northern Railway,
which is being built across the con-
tinent, runs through the southern portion
of the county. The rails are now laid,
and within a year, unless the Germans
take Canada, Montreal will be re-
ceiving as much milk again from Argen-
teuil as she is now. The district through
which this road runs is one of the best
in the province, having rich level land
and artesian or running springs, the joy

industry. The farmers of the county
are fortunate in having several men in
their midst who are doing some im-
porting, and this, no doubt, will be a
great incentive to the live stock in-
dustry. Messrs. George and John Hay
import some Clydesdales nearly every
year, and during the last few years the
farmers have kept some of this imported
stock within the county, several men
having made a very creditable start
in the breeding of Clydes. Another
name worthy of mention is that of J. A.
Arnold, of Grenville. For several years

A View of one of Argenteuil's Valleys.

of any stockman's heart and a boon to
any dairy district, abounding on all the
farms.

The farmers are awake to the possi-
bilities of their occupation, and are
anxious to find out anything which may
be of benefit to them.

In the farm competitions, several have
won medals -Mr. \Y. Rodger, of Lachute
Road, having won the silver medal twice
for his farm. He has also taken first in
the ensilage corn competition. A certain
amount of attention Is also being paid to
the pure bred end of the live stock

he has been importing and breeding
Percherons, also a few Clydes and
Shires. His record at some of our
largest fairs has been very good. The
cut accompanying this article shows a
class of two-year-olds, first, second, and
third at the Montreal Horse Show last
spring. J. H. Black, another enthusi-
astic live stock man, devotes his at-
tention to the breeding of Ayrshires.
He has brought considerable imported
stock to the county, and for many years
has been breeding and improving his
herd, which, although not large, is very

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MA CD 0 N A L D COLLEGE MAGAZINE

good, enabling him to make a creditable
showing several times at Ottawa. He
is not alone in the business, however, and
has keen rivals in Robert Doig, Alex.
Woods, and several other farmers of the
district.

As regards Farmers' Clubs and similar
organizations, they are somewhat back-
ward. There is only one Farmers'
Club, and it has done considerable, but
there is room for many more similar
organizations to bring the farmers closer
together.

The Agricultural Society, however, is
quite a strong one, and every fall a very
good fair is held, one which can bear
comparison with most of the other
county fairs throughout the province.
This fall, in spite of the fact that it
rained during the last two days of the
fair, the exhibits in every line sur-
passed those of previous years, and
although there was a decrease in gate
receipts, the Society is still to the good
financially, and with the hearty co-
operation of the farmers should be one
of the strongest societies in the province
in a few years. One of the features of

this society is the Ploughing Match held
annually under its direction. In many
societies the ploughing match has been
abandoned, but this, in my opinion, is a
pitiful state of affairs, as I doubt if
there is any one thing which arouses
more enthusiasm or does more good in
the line of making a man careful and
painstaking in his work than does the
ploughing match.

In some respects the county is verv
backward, and there is a great need for
someone to help them organize and to
act as a leader along various lines. I
believe they are to receive the services
of a District Demonstrator next year.
This is an excellent thing, and the
Representative with proper tact and lots
of hard work will have a splendid chance
to show results, while the people of the
county will reap the benefits. On the
whole, prospects are bright, and through
time, with improved methods, co-opera-
tion and organization, there is no reason
why Argenteuil, and many of our other
counties, should not become prominent
as progressive agricultural centres.

L. C. McOuat, '15.

Let the Merry Eells Ring Out